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Author |
Femia, N.; Fortunato, M.; Vitelli, M. |
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Title |
Light-to-Light: PV-Fed LED Lighting Systems |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Power Electron. |
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Volume |
28 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
4063-4073 |
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Keywords |
light-to-light systems; outdoor lighting; lighting technology; LED; LED lighting; photovoltaics; PV |
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Abstract |
This paper discusses the principle of operation, dynamic modeling, and control design for light-to-light (LtL) systems, whose aim is to directly convert the sun irradiation into artificial light. The system discussed in this paper is composed by a photovoltaic (PV) panel, an LED array, a dc-dc converter dedicated to the maximum power point tracking of the PV panel and a dc-dc converter dedicated to drive the LEDs array. A system controller is also included, whose goal is to ensure the matching between the maximum available PV power and the LED power by means of a low-frequency LEDs dimming. An experimental design example is discussed to illustrate the functionalities of the LtL system. |
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Dipt. di Ing. Elettron. e Ing. Inf., Univ. of Salerno, Salerno, Italy |
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0885-8993 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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331 |
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Tähkämö, L.; Ylinen, A.; Puolakka, M.; Halonen, L. |
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Title |
Life cycle cost analysis of three renewed street lighting installations in Finland |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Life Cycle Assess |
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17 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
154-164 |
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Keywords |
LED; LED lighting; Life cycle costs; Light-emitting diode; Payback time; Road lighting; Street lighting |
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Abstract |
Purpose
Outdoor lighting is facing major changes due to the EU legislation on ecodesign of energy-related products, such as the ban of high-pressure mercury (HPM) lamps widely used in outdoor lighting. This article presents life cycle costs (LCC) of three examples of replacing HPM lamps in street lighting in Finland. The purpose of the article is to assess how the development of light-emitting diode (LED) technology affects LCCs and how the division of LCCs differentiates in the cases.
Methods
Two of the cases change from HPM lamps to high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps. In the third one, HPM lamps are replaced by LED luminaires. LED technology predictions of price and luminous efficacy are included in different scenarios. The calculations consider investment and operating costs and residual value.
Results and discussion
Each replacement reduces the energy costs approximately by half compared to the original HPM lamp luminaires. Energy costs dominate the LCCs of the HPS lamp installations while investment cost is the dominating one in LED luminaire case. The changes from HPM to HPS technology have payback times lower than 9 years, while changing to LED luminaires is not economic. However, the electricity price is low in this case. The payback times of LED installations can be as low as 6 years if the luminaires are installed in 2015 and an average electricity price is used.
Conclusions
The LCCs of real-life case studies cannot be directly compared, since their luminous properties vary. There is a need for a method for including luminous properties in LCC calculations. |
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Lighting Unit, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13340, 00076, Aalto, Finland |
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0948-3349 |
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332 |
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Duriscoe, D.M.; Luginbuhl, C.B.; Moore, C.W. |
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Title |
Measuring Night-Sky Brightness with a Wide-Field CCD Camera |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |
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Publ Astron Soc Pac |
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119 |
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852 |
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192-213 |
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Keywords |
light pollution; light at night; skyglow; monitoring; measurement; CCD |
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We describe a system for rapidly measuring the brightness of the night sky using a mosaic of CCD images obtained with a low-cost automated system. The portable system produces millions of independent photometric measurements covering the entire sky, enabling the detailed characterization of natural sky conditions and light domes produced by cities. The measurements are calibrated using images of standard stars contained within the raw data, producing results closely tracking the Johnson V astronomical standard. The National Park Service has collected hundreds of data sets at numerous parks since 2001 and is using these data for the protection and monitoring of the night-sky visual resource. This system also allows comprehensive characterization of sky conditions at astronomical observatories. We explore photometric issues raised by the broadband measurement of the complex and variable night-sky spectrum, and potential indices of night-sky quality. |
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0004-6280 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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193 |
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Aceituno, J.; Sánchez, S.F.; Aceituno, F.J.; GaladÃ-EnrÃquez, D.; Negro, J.J.; Soriguer, R.C.; Gomez, G.S. |
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Title |
An All-Sky Transmission Monitor: ASTMON |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |
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Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |
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123 |
Issue |
907 |
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1076-1086 |
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monitoring; light at night; light pollution; skyglow |
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We present here the All-Sky Transmission Monitor (ASTMON), designed to perform a continuous monitoring of the surface brightness of the complete night sky in several bands. The data acquired are used to derive, in addition, a subsequent map of the multiband atmospheric extinction at any location in the sky and a map of the cloud coverage. The instrument has been manufactured to withstand extreme weather conditions and to remain operative. Designed to be fully robotic, it is ideal to be installed outdoors as a permanent monitoring station. The preliminary results based on two of the currently operative units (at Doñana National Park, Huelva, and at the Calar Alto Observatory, AlmerÃa, Spain) are presented here. The parameters derived using ASTMON are in good agreement with those previously reported, which illustrates the validity of the design and the accuracy of the manufacturing. The information provided by this instrument will be presented in forthcoming articles, once we have accumulated a statistically significant amount of data. |
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0004-6280 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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195 |
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Author |
Baugh, K.; Hsu, F.-C.; Elvidge, C.D.; Zhizhin, M. |
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Title |
Nighttime Lights Compositing Using the VIIRS Day-Night Band: Preliminary Results |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Advanced Network |
Abbreviated Journal |
APAN Proceedings |
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35 |
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70 |
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Keywords |
remote sensing; light pollution; VIIRS; satellite; radiometry |
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Dramatically improved nighttime lights capabilities are presented by the launch of the National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day Night Band (DNB) sensor. Building on 18 years of experience compositing nighttime data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS), NOAA’s NGDC Earth Observation Group has started adapting their algorithms to process these new data. The concept of compositing nighttime data comprises combining only high quality data components over a period of time to improve sensitivity and coverage. For this work, flag image are compiled to describe image quality. The flag categories include: daytime, twilight, stray light, lunar illuminance, noisy edge of scan data, clouds, and no data. High quality data is defined as not having any of these attributes present. Two methods of reprojection are necessary due to data collection characteristics. Custom algorithms have been created to terrain-correct and reproject all data to a common 15 arc second grid. Results of compositing over two time periods in 2012 are presented to demonstrate data quality and initial capabilities. These data can be downloaded at http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/eog/viirs/downloadviirsntl.html. |
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2227-3026 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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197 |
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