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Polak, T.; Korine, C.; Yair, S.; Holderied, M.W. |
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Title |
Differential effects of artificial lighting on flight and foraging behaviour of two sympatric bat species in a desert: Light pollution in deserts and bat foraging |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
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Journal of Zoology |
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285 |
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1 |
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21-27 |
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Keywords |
ight pollution; desert bats; Eptesicus bottae; flight behaviour; Pipistrellus kuhlii; animals; mammals; bats |
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Abstract |
Human habitation in deserts can create rich novel resources that may be used by native desert species. However, at night such resources may lose attractiveness when they are in artificially lit areas. For bats, attraction to such manmade habitats might be species specific. In an isolated village in the Negev desert that is known for its high bat activity we investigated the effects of artificial lighting on flight behaviour of two aerial insectivorous bat species: Pipistrellus kuhlii, a non-desert synanthropic bat, common in urban environments and Eptesicus bottae, a desert-dwelling species. Using an acoustic tracking system we reconstructed flight trajectories for bats that flew under artificial lights [Light treatment (L)] versus in natural darkness [Dark treatment (D)]. Under L both P. kuhlii and E. bottae flew significantly faster than under D. Under L, P. kuhlii also flew at significantly lower altitude (i.e. away from a floodlight) than under D. Whereas P. kuhlii foraged both in L and D, E. bottae only foraged in D. In L, activity of E. bottae decreased and it merely transited the illuminated area at commuting rather than foraging speed. Thus, under artificially lighted conditions the non-desert synanthropic species may have a competitive advantage over the native desert species and may outcompete it for aerial insect prey. Controlling light pollution in deserts and keeping important foraging sites unlit may reduce the synanthropic species' competitive advantage over native desert bats. |
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0952-8369 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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99 |
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Stone, E.L.; Jones, G.; Harris, S. |
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Title |
Street lighting disturbs commuting bats |
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2009 |
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Current Biology : CB |
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Curr Biol |
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19 |
Issue |
13 |
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1123-1127 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Chiroptera; *Cities; Conservation of Natural Resources; Echolocation; Ecosystem; *Flight, Animal; Humans; *Light; Random Allocation; *Transportation; Vocalization, Animal |
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Anthropogenic disturbance is a major cause of worldwide declines in biodiversity. Understanding the implications of this disturbance for species and populations is crucial for conservation biologists wishing to mitigate negative effects. Anthropogenic light pollution is an increasing global problem, affecting ecological interactions across a range of taxa and impacting negatively upon critical animal behaviors including foraging, reproduction, and communication (for review see). Almost all bats are nocturnal, making them ideal subjects for testing the effects of light pollution. Previous studies have shown that bat species adapted to foraging in open environments feed on insects attracted to mercury vapor lamps. Here, we use an experimental approach to provide the first evidence of a negative effect of artificial light pollution on the commuting behavior of a threatened bat species. We installed high-pressure sodium lights that mimic the intensity and light spectra of streetlights along commuting routes of lesser horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus hipposideros). Bat activity was reduced dramatically and the onset of commuting behavior was delayed in the presence of lighting, with no evidence of habituation. These results demonstrate that light pollution may have significant negative impacts upon the selection of flight routes by bats. |
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School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK. emma.stone@bristol.ac.uk |
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English |
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0960-9822 |
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PMID:19540116 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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100 |
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Komada, Y.; Aoki, K.; Gohshi, S.; Ichioka, H.; Shibata, S. |
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Effects of television luminance and wavelength at habitual bedtime on melatonin and cortisol secretion in humans: Blue light and melatonin secretion |
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2015 |
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Sleep and Biological Rhythms |
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Sleep and Biological Rhythms |
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13 |
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4 |
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316–322 |
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Human Health |
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The aim of this study was to examine the effect of exposure to different types of television displays at habitual bedtime on human melatonin and cortisol secretion. Thirteen male participants (mean age: 22.7 ± 0.85 years) were tested over three nights in one baseline and two experimental sessions. Participants were instructed to watch a movie on four different luminance- and wavelength-controlled television displays: normal luminance (450 candela [cd]/m2) or high luminance (1200 cd/m2) and normal blue light or half blue light. Salivary melatonin and cortisol levels were measured at two time points before and after television viewing. There was no significant difference in cortisol secretion due to the different displays. Melatonin suppression was significantly lower following the exposure to the half-blue light display compared with the normal blue light display. These results suggest that the use of half-blue light displays during night time may prevent circadian rhythm dysfunction. |
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1446-9235 |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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1149 |
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Levin, N.; Kark, S.; Crandall, D. |
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Where have all the people gone? Enhancing global conservation using night lights and social media |
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2015 |
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Ecological Applications |
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Ecological Applications |
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25 |
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8 |
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2153–2167 |
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Remote Sensing |
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1051-0761 |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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1150 |
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Hu, C.; Chen, S.; Wang, M.; Murch, B.; Taylor, J. |
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Detecting surface oil slicks using VIIRS nighttime imagery under moon glint: a case study in the Gulf of Mexico |
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2015 |
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Remote Sensing Letters |
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Remote Sensing Letters |
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6 |
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4 |
Pages |
295-301 |
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Remote Sensing |
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2150-704X |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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1151 |
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