| Records |
| Author |
Ranzoni, J.; Giuliani, G.; Huber, L.; Ray, N. |
| Title |
Modelling the nocturnal ecological continuum of the State of Geneva, Switzerland, based on high-resolution nighttime imagery |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment |
| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
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Pages |
100268 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing; Ecology; Switzerland; Europe; orthophotography; viewshed analysis |
| Abstract |
The increase of artificial light in recent decades has led to a general awareness of the harmful consequences of light pollution on biodiversity. The artificial light is however rarely taken into account in the principles of developing ecological networks. There is currently no standardized method for integrating this darkness factor into ecological network modeling. We propose a methodology for the identification of the nocturnal continuum through an approach based on the automated extraction of light sources from nocturnal orthophotography and the modeling of their visibility within a territory. The model is applied to the transboundary region of the Geneva basin in Switzerland and allows for the integration of the darkness factor into the existing ecological networks. Although the analysis does not consider metric lighting data, a viewshed analysis allows for a first large-scale mapping of the nighttime continuum and highlights the areas benefiting from very low light pollution. |
| Address |
University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Route de Presinge 150, 1254, Jussy, Switzerland; jessica.ranzoni(at)hesge.ch |
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| Publisher |
Elsevier |
Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
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| ISSN |
2352-9385 |
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Approved |
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| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial  |
2687 |
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| Author |
Marchant, P. |
| Title |
Do brighter, whiter street lights improve road safety? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Significance |
Abbreviated Journal |
Significance |
| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
8-9 |
| Keywords |
Public Safety; Lighting; Statistics |
| Abstract |
Would a billion‐dollar investment in improved street lighting make Australian roads safer at night? Paul Marchant finds the evidence wanting |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1740-9705 |
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no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2686 |
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| Author |
Bará, S. |
| Title |
Black-body luminance and magnitudes per square arcsecond in the Johnson-Cousins BVR photometric bands |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Photonics Letters of Poland |
Abbreviated Journal |
Photon. Lett. Pl. |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
63 |
| Keywords |
Skyglow; night sky brightness; luminance; photometric |
| Abstract |
A relevant amount of light pollution studies deal with the unwanted visual effects of artificial light at night, including the anthropogenic luminance of the sky that hinders the observation of the celestial bodies which are a main target of ground-based astrophysical research, and a key asset of the intangible heritage of humankind. Most quantitative measurements and numerical models, however, evaluate the anthropogenic sky radiance in any of the standard Johnson-Cousins UBVRI photometric bands, generally in the V one. Since the Johnson-Cousins V band is not identical with the visual CIE V-lambda used to assess luminance, the conversion between these two photometric systems turns out to be spectrum-dependent. Given its interest for practical applications, in this Letter we provide the framework to perform this conversion and the transformation constants for black-body spectra of different absolute temperatures. |
| Address |
Dept. Física Aplicada, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia |
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| Publisher |
Photonics Society of Poland |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
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| ISSN |
2080-2242 |
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no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
2685 |
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| Author |
Mitchell, D.; Gallaway, T. |
| Title |
Dark sky tourism: economic impacts on the Colorado Plateau Economy, USA |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Tourism Review |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tour. Rev. |
| Volume |
74 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
930-942 |
| Keywords |
Society; tourism; Colorado Plateau; United States; astrotourism |
| Abstract |
This paper aims to examine the economic impact from dark-sky tourism in national parks in the USA on the Colorado Plateau. The Colorado Plateau is a region encompassing parts of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah that is known for its dark, star-filled night skies. Tourists in national parks are increasingly interested in observing this natural recreational amenity – especially considering that it is an ecological amenity that is quickly disappearing from the planet. Using a 10-year forecast of visitors to the national parks and using standard input-output modeling, it is observed that, for the first time anywhere, the value of dark skies to tourism in this area. The authors find that non-local tourists who value dark skies will spend $5.8bn over the next 10 years in the Colorado Plateau. These tourist expenditures will generate $2.4bn in higher wages and create over 10,000 additional jobs each year for the region. Furthermore, as dark skies are even more intense natural amenity in the non-summer months, they have the ability to increase visitor counts to national parks year-round and lead to a more efficient use of local community and tourism-related resources throughout the year. |
| Address |
Department of Economics, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, USA; |
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| Publisher |
Emerald Group |
Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
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| ISSN |
1660-5373 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
2684 |
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| Author |
Kaplan, K.A.; Mashash, M.; Williams, R.; Batchelder, H.; Starr-Glass, L.; Zeitzer, J.M. |
| Title |
Effect of Light Flashes vs Sham Therapy During Sleep With Adjunct Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Sleep Quality Among Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
JAMA Network Open |
Abbreviated Journal |
JAMA Netw Open |
| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
e1911944 |
| Keywords |
Human Health |
| Abstract |
Importance: Owing to biological, behavioral, and societal factors, sleep duration in teenagers is often severely truncated, leading to pervasive sleep deprivation. Objective: To determine whether a novel intervention, using both light exposure during sleep and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), would increase total sleep time in teenagers by enabling them to go to sleep earlier than usual. Design, Setting, and Participants: This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial, conducted between November 1, 2013, and May 31, 2016, among 102 adolescents enrolled full-time in grades 9 to 12, who expressed difficulty going to bed earlier and waking up early enough, was composed of 2 phases. In phase 1, participants were assigned to receive either 3 weeks of light or sham therapy and were asked to try to go to sleep earlier. In phase 2, participants received 4 brief CBT sessions in addition to a modified light or sham therapy. All analyses were performed on an intent-to-treat basis. Interventions: Light therapy consisted of receiving a 3-millisecond light flash every 20 seconds during the final 3 hours of sleep (phase 1) or final 2 hours of sleep (phase 2). Sham therapy used an identical device, but delivered 1 minute of light pulses (appearing in 20-second intervals, for a total of 3 pulses) per hour during the final 3 hours of sleep (phase 1) or 2 hours of sleep (phase 2). Light therapy occurred every night during the 4-week intervention. Cognitive behavioral therapy consisted of four 50-minute in-person sessions once per week. Main Outcomes and Measures: Primary outcome measures included diary-based sleep times, momentary ratings of evening sleepiness, and subjective measures of sleepiness and sleep quality. Results: Among the 102 participants (54 female [52.9%]; mean [SD] age, 15.6 [1.1] years), 72 were enrolled in phase 1 and 30 were enrolled in phase 2. Mixed-effects models revealed that light therapy alone was inadequate in changing the timing of sleep. However, compared with sham therapy plus CBT alone, light therapy plus CBT significantly moved sleep onset a mean (SD) of 50.1 (27.5) minutes earlier and increased nightly total sleep time by a mean (SD) of 43.3 (35.0) minutes. Light therapy plus CBT also resulted in a 7-fold greater increase in bedtime compliance than that observed among participants receiving sham plus CBT (mean [SD], 2.21 [3.91] vs 0.29 [0.76]), as well as a mean 0.55-point increase in subjective evening sleepiness as compared with a mean 0.48-point decrease in participants receiving sham plus CBT as measured on a 7-point sleepiness scale. Conclusions and Relevance: This study found that light exposure during sleep, in combination with a brief, motivation-focused CBT intervention, was able to consistently move bedtimes earlier and increase total sleep time in teenagers. This type of passive light intervention in teenagers may lead to novel therapeutic applications. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01406691. |
| Address |
Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2574-3805 |
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| Notes |
PMID:31553469 |
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no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2683 |
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