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Khan, Z.A.; Yumnamcha, T.; Mondal, G.; Devi, S.D.; Rajiv, C.; Labala, R.K.; Sanjita Devi, H.; Chattoraj, A. |
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Title |
Artificial Light at Night (ALAN): A Potential Anthropogenic Component for the COVID-19 and HCoVs Outbreak |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Endocrinology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) |
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11 |
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622 |
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Animals; Human Health; Review; ALAN; Covid-19; HCoVs; bat; melatonin; sustainability |
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The origin of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is zoonotic. The circadian day-night is the rhythmic clue to organisms for their synchronized body functions. The “development for mankind” escalated the use of artificial light at night (ALAN). In this article, we tried to focus on the possible influence of this anthropogenic factor in human coronavirus (HCoV) outbreak. The relationship between the occurrences of coronavirus and the ascending curve of the night-light has also been delivered. The ALAN influences the physiology and behavior of bat, a known nocturnal natural reservoir of many Coronaviridae. The “threatened” and “endangered” status of the majority of bat species is mainly because of the destruction of their proper habit and habitat predominantly through artificial illumination. The stress exerted by ALAN leads to the impaired body functions, especially endocrine, immune, genomic integration, and overall rhythm features of different physiological variables and behaviors in nocturnal animals. Night-light disturbs “virus-host” synchronization and may lead to mutation in the genomic part of the virus and excessive virus shedding. We also proposed some future strategies to mitigate the repercussions of ALAN and for the protection of the living system in the earth as well. |
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Biological Rhythm Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, India |
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1664-2392 |
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PMID:33013700; PMCID:PMC7511708 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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3169 |
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Xiao, H.; Cai, H.; Li, X. |
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Title |
Non-visual effects of indoor light environment on humans: A review |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
Publication |
Physiology & Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiology & Behavior |
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in press |
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113195 |
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Review; Human Health |
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As a result of the desire to improve living standards, increasing attention is paid to creating a comfortable and healthy lighting environment that contributes to human health and well-being. It is crucial to understand the effects of environmental lighting regulation on humans’ physical responses and mental activities. In this review, we focus on the scientific research on light-induced non-visual effects on humans, providing a systematic review of how the quantity of light, spectral changes, time of day, and duration have effects on the circadian rhythm, alertness, and mood based on eligible literature. The key findings are as follows: (1) The increase of illuminance and correlated colour temperature (CCT) at night were both positively associated with melatonin suppression, thus affecting the circadian rhythm. Meanwhile, a high CCT is conducive to the stimulation of positive mood. (2) Blue light and high CCT light at night induced delayed phase shift, and the objective alertness was reduced under the condition of lack of blue components. (3) High illuminance was positively correlated with subjective alertness during daytime, and increased the positive mood in the morning and decreased it in the afternoon. These findings serve as an important reference for stakeholders to optimise lighting in constructed environments to improve health and well-being considering the non-visual effects above and beyond visual performance. |
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0031-9384 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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3168 |
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Gao, X.; Pang, G.; Luo, X.; You, W.; Ke, C. |
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Title |
Effects of light cycle on motion behaviour and melatonin secretion in Haliotis discus hannai |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Aquaculture |
Abbreviated Journal |
Aquaculture |
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in press |
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735981 |
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Animals |
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The abalone Haliotis discus hannai is a typical nocturnal marine invertebrate. In this study, a quantitative analysis was performed on the motion behaviour characteristics of abalones exposed to different light cycles (0 L:24D, 12 L:12D, 24 L:0D) using infrared camera and behavioural analysis software. A preliminary analysis of the intrinsic correlations between melatonin secretion and abalone behaviour rhythms was also conducted. The results showed that the cumulative moving distance and duration of movement for abalone in the 0 L:24D group were significantly higher than those in the 12 L:12D and 24 L:0D groups (P < 0.05). The mean and maximum moving velocities of abalones in the 12 L:12D group were significantly higher than those in the 0 L:24D group (P < 0.05). The maximum cumulative moving distance and duration of movement for abalone in the 12 L:12D and 24 L:0D groups occurred between 00:00–03:00. In the 0 L:24D group, peak cumulative moving distance and duration movement were recorded between 00:00–03:00 and 15:00–18:00. According to the results of cosine analysis, melatonin content and expression levels of aralkylamine N-acetyl transferase (AANAT) and N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT) in the 12 L:12D and 24 L:0D groups showed significant circadian cosine rhythms (P < 0.05) and tended to be higher during the day and lower at night. Compared with the variation trend of melatonin, the expression levels of melatonin receptor (MTR) in each group showed significant circadian cosine rhythms (P < 0.05). Especially in the 0 L:24D group, the expression levels of MTR also tended to be higher during the day and lower at night, indicating that MTR may mediate other factors which participate in the regulation of abalone circadian rhythms. The results of this study provide a quantitative description of the motion behaviour characteristics of abalone exposed to different light cycles. The intrinsic correlation between melatonin secretion and abalone motion behaviour rhythms was also examined in this study, which in turn provides a reference for light regulation and feeding strategies in aquaculture production. |
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0044-8486 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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3167 |
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Xie, Z.; Han, Y.; Sun, L.; Ping, J. |
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Analysis of land cover evolution within the built-up areas of provincial capital cities in northeastern China based on nighttime light data and Landsat data |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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PloS one |
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PLoS One |
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15 |
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10 |
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e0239371 |
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Remote Sensing |
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Mastering the evolution of urban land cover is important for urban management and planning. In this paper, a method for analyzing land cover evolution within urban built-up areas based on nighttime light data and Landsat data is proposed. The method solves the problem of inaccurate descriptions of urban built-up area boundaries from the use of single-source diurnal or nocturnal remote sensing data and was able to achieve an effective analysis of land cover evolution within built-up areas. Four main procedures are involved: (1) The neighborhood extremum method and maximum likelihood method are used to extract nighttime light data and the urban built-up area boundaries from the Landsat data, respectively; (2) multisource urban boundaries are obtained using boundary pixel fusion of the nighttime light data and Landsat urban built-up area boundaries; (3) the maximum likelihood method is used to classify Landsat data within multisource urban boundaries into land cover classes, such as impervious surface, vegetation and water, and to calculate landscape indexes, such as overall landscape trends, degree of fragmentation and degree of aggregation; (4) the changes in the multisource urban boundaries and landscape indexes were obtained using the abovementioned methods, which were supported by multitemporal nighttime light data and Landsat data, to model the urban land cover evolution. Using the cities of Shenyang, Changchun and Harbin in northeastern China as experimental areas, the multitemporal landscape index showed that the integration and aggregation of land cover in the urban areas had an increasing trend, the natural environment of Shenyang and Harbin was improving, while Changchun laid more emphasis on the construction of artificial facilities. At the same time, the method proposed in this paper to extract built-up areas from multi-source city data showed that the user accuracy, production accuracy, overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient are at least 3%, 1%, 1% and 0.04 higher than the single-source data method. |
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School of Transportation Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Hunnan District, Shenyang, China |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:33001996; PMCID:PMC7529268 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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3166 |
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Padilla-Martinez, J.M.; Abad-Corpa, E.; Gea-Sanchez, M.; Casado-Ramirez, E.; Rol-de Lama, M.A.; Madrid-Perez, J.A.; Moreno-Casbas, M.T. |
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“Detection of factors influencing circadian rhythms on Intensive Care inpatients and hospitalization: Protocol for an observational study” |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Journal of Advanced Nursing |
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J Adv Nurs |
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in press |
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in press |
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Human Health; care; circadian rhythm; hospitalization; light; noise; nursing; nursing activities; protocol; sleep quality |
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AIMS: Identify the prevalence of circadian health disorders in ICU and hospitalized patients. Stablish the relationship of the circadian system with light, temperature, noise and nursing activities. BACKGROUND: Commonly, self-assessment through subjective questionnaires is used for research about sleep quality. However, more reliable and valid measures should be applied objectively to find out the real prevalence of the problem. There is a negative relationship between circadian rhythms and hospitalization. In this study, we will analyse sleep patterns and hospital environments to implement measures to improve the quality of care related to sleep. DESIGN: Descriptive observational study. It is estimated that 975 patients from 13 hospitals need to be recruited from ICU and hospitalization units. The sample should meet the following criteria: Patients over 18 admitted to ICU and medical units, length of stay between 96-148 hr, with no visual, hearing or moderate-severe cognitive impairment. Variables: Sleep variables are collected with an electronic device (named Kronowise(R) and Kronobed(R)), circadian and infrared light exposure, environmental noise, temperature, unit structural characteristics, nursing care (from 0 to 6 a.m.) and, characteristics of hospitalization period. The study, registered on Clinical Trials, initiated in December 2019 and it will continue up to December 2022. DISCUSSION: Using objective and subjective measures of sleep and circadian rhythms, this study will shed light on the factors that negatively affect the hospitalized patients' sleep quality and circadian health. The ultimate goal is to design hospital guidelines to minimize the adverse effects on the dependent variables studied. Arguably, these guidelines will contribute to reducing the risk of these alterations and it will also serve to improve the nursing activities. CONCLUSION: We expect to obtain adequate results for the creation of a protocol to improve the circadian health, quality of care and health outcomes related to sleep in patients. |
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Biomedical Research Center for Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain |
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0309-2402 |
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PMID:32996642 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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3165 |
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