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Cinzano, P.; Falchi, F.; Elvidge, C.D. |
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Title |
Moonlight Without The Moon |
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1998 |
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Earth, Moon, and Planets |
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85/86 |
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517-522 |
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Light pollution, the alteration of the natural light levels in the night environment produced by man-made light, is one of the most rapidly increasing threats to the natural environment. The fast growth of the night sky brightness due to light pollution not only is damaging the perception of the starry sky but it is silently altering even the perception of the moonlight nights by mankind. The cyclic alternation between the new Moon's dark sky with thousand of stars and the moonlight sky, less dark but always full of stars among which our satellite moves, is rapidly changing toward a perennial artificial moonlight due to the man-made light wasted in the atmosphere. The Moon periodically will appear inside the same perennially luminous sky from which stars will have almost disappeared. Here we present a map showing artificial moonlight levels in North America and some statistical results. |
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0167-9295 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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174 |
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Author |
Cinzano, P.; Falchi, F.; Elvidge, C.D. |
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Title |
Naked-eye star visibility and limiting magnitude mapped from DMSP-OLS satellite data |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
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323 |
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1 |
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34-46 |
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Keywords |
light at night; remote sensing; GTOPO30; DMSP; light pollution; modeling; mapping |
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We extend the method introduced by Cinzano et al. (2000a) to map the artificial sky brightness in large territories from DMSP satellite data, in order to map the naked eye star visibility and telescopic limiting magnitudes. For these purposes we take into account the altitude of each land area from GTOPO30 world elevation data, the natural sky brightness in the chosen sky direction, based on Garstang modelling, the eye capability with naked eye or a telescope, based on the Schaefer (1990) and Garstang (2000b) approach, and the stellar extinction in the visual photometric band. For near zenith sky directions we also take into account screening by terrain elevation. Maps of naked eye star visibility and telescopic limiting magnitudes are useful to quantify the capability of the population to perceive our Universe, to evaluate the future evolution, to make cross correlations with statistical parameters and to recognize areas where astronomical observations or popularisation can still acceptably be made. We present, as an application, maps of naked eye star visibility and total sky brightness in V band in Europe at the zenith with a resolution of approximately 1 km. |
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0035-8711 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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175 |
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Horvath, H. |
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Title |
Basic optics, aerosol optics, and the role of scattering for sky radiance |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
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139 |
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3-12 |
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Light extinction; Scattering function; Atmospheric radiance; Ground reflectivity; Color effects |
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The radiance of the night sky is determined by the available light and the scattering properties of the atmosphere (particles and gases). The scattering phase function of the aerosol has a strong dependence on the scattering angle, and depending on the viewing direction different parts of the atmosphere and the ground reflectivity give the most important contribution. The atmospheric radiance cannot be altered by optical instruments. On the other hand the light flux of a distant star increases with the size of the telescope, thus fainter stars become visible. Light extinction, scattering function, atmospheric radiance, ground reflectivity, color effects and others are discussed in detail and a simple theoretical treatment is given. |
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0022-4073 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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176 |
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Author |
Cinzano, P.; Falchi, F. |
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Title |
Quantifying light pollution |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
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139 |
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13-20 |
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Atmospheric effects; Astronomical site testing; Scattering; Light pollution; Radiative transfer; Night sky brightness; Environmental pollution; Atmospheric pollution Corresponding author contact information |
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In this paper we review new available indicators useful to quantify and monitor light pollution, defined as the alteration of the natural quantity of light in the night environment due to introduction of manmade light. With the introduction of recent radiative transfer methods for the computation of light pollution propagation, several new indicators become available. These indicators represent a primary step in light pollution quantification, beyond the bare evaluation of the night sky brightness, which is an observational effect integrated along the line of sight and thus lacking the three-dimensional information. |
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0022-4073 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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177 |
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Author |
Luginbuhl, C.B.; Boley, P.A.; Davis, D.R. |
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Title |
The impact of light source spectral power distribution on sky glow |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
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139 |
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21-26 |
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Light pollution; Sky glow; Blue-rich light sources; LED; light emitting diode; lighting |
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The effect of light source spectral power distribution on the visual brightness of anthropogenic sky glow is described. Under visual adaptation levels relevant to observing the night sky, namely with dark-adapted (scotopic) vision, blue-rich (“whiteâ€) sources produce a dramatically greater sky brightness than yellow-rich sources. High correlated color temperature LEDs and metal halide sources produce a visual brightness up to 8× brighter than low-pressure sodium and 3× brighter than high-pressure sodium when matched lumen-for-lumen and observed nearby. Though the sky brightness arising from blue-rich sources decreases more strongly with distance, the visual sky glow resulting from such sources remains significantly brighter than from yellow sources out to the limits of this study at 300 km. |
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0022-4073 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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178 |
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