| Records |
| Author |
Orlando, L.; Ortega, L.; Defeo, O. |
Title  |
Urbanization effects on sandy beach macrofauna along an estuarine gradient |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Ecological Indicators |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecological Indicators |
| Volume |
111 |
Issue |
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Pages |
in press |
| Keywords |
Ecology |
| Abstract |
The rapid urban population growth and coastal infrastructure development worldwide add dimensionality and complexity to the management process in sandy shores, and therefore the development of beach quality indices that take into account the increasing role of urbanization are particularly relevant. This work analyses the potential of human population density (HPD), nighttime lights and vegetation cover as indicators of urban impact on sandy beach biodiversity. Each indicator was tested against a large-scale 2-yr study of macrofaunal richness and physical characteristics along a strong environmental gradient defined by the widest estuary of the world, the Rio de la Plata. A negative linear relationship between HPD and the number of species was found. The amount of light recorded at night peaked at the most urbanized area in the coast, Montevideo city, and showed a negative relationship with macrofaunal richness. Vegetation cover, expressed through a normalized difference vegetation index, showed a weak positive relationship with species richness. Multiple linear regressions, combining urban indicators and physical characteristics as explanatory variables of macrofaunal richness, showed the best results when HPD and salinity range were combined. A regression tree explained 65% of deviance and had a structure coherent with previous results. Salinity was the dominant ecological driver: beaches with salinity ≥27.2 showed higher species richness, while beaches with less salinity and higher nighttime lights showed the lowest species richness. Random Forests selected salinity (mean and range) and HPD as the most informative variables to discriminate groups of beaches according to their macrobenthic richness. These results reflect that the salinity gradient is a macroscale driver that shapes species richness patterns along this coast, whereas the effects of urbanization are confined within the dominant large-scale environmental gradient. The identification of suitable urban indicators provided in this work constitutes the first step onto the development of more rigorous approaches to assess this globally relevant and long-lasting stressor. |
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1470160X |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2819 |
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| Author |
Lin, P.; Yang, L.; Zhao, S. |
| Title |
Urbanization effects on Chinese mammal and amphibian richness: a multi-scale study using the urban-rural gradient approach |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Environmental Research Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ. Res. Commun. |
| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
125002 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
The scale and extent of global urbanization are unprecedented and increasing. As urbanization generally encroaches on natural habitats and the urban ecological footprint reaches far beyond the city limits, how urbanization affects biodiversity has received increasing attention from the scientific community. Nonetheless, the comprehensive syntheses of urbanization consequences for biodiversity, including diverse taxonomic groups, across multiple spatial scales and spanning a wide gradient range of urbanization intensity are still insufficient. Here, based on the urban-rural gradient approach, we assessed the effects of urbanization on Chinese mammal and amphibian richness across the entire urbanization gradient (i.e., urbanization level from 0 to 1) at the national, regional and urban agglomeration scales. We used the global mammal and amphibian distribution data along with corresponding background climate, habitat conditions and socioeconomic activities data for analysis. Our results revealed a detailed and diverse pattern of Chinese mammal and amphibian richness along the entire spectrum of urbanization gradient across three spatial scales. And an approximately monotonic decrease only existed in certain urban agglomerations. The imprint of urbanization on mammal and amphibian richness were largely masked by the overall primacy of background climate at the national and regional scales. As the scale of analysis shifting from the country to urban agglomerations, urbanization-associated variables and locally specific limiting factors started to play important roles in driving the richness patterns. Moreover, the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis can explain the relationship between biodiversity pressure and urbanization activities in certain Chinese urban agglomerations. However, the findings of urbanization effects on biodiversity using the urban-rural gradient analysis should be interpreted with caution because many possible driving forces simultaneously present along the urban-rural gradient and are very challenging to attribute. |
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2515-7620 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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3252 |
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Dominoni, D.M.; Goymann, W.; Helm, B.; Partecke, J. |
| Title |
Urban-like night illumination reduces melatonin release in European blackbirds (Turdus merula): implications of city life for biological time-keeping of songbirds |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front Zool |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
60 |
| Keywords |
European blackbirds; birds; Turdus merula; animals; melatonin; *Photoperiod |
| Abstract |
INTRODUCTION: Artificial light-at-night is known to affect a broad array of behaviours and physiological processes. In urbanized bird species, light-at-night advances important biological rhythms such as daily cycles of activity/rest and timing of reproduction, but our knowledge of the underlying physiological mechanisms is limited. Given its role as chronobiological signal, melatonin is a strong candidate for mediating the effects of light-at-night. RESULTS: We exposed urban and rural European blackbirds (Turdus merula) to two light treatments equal in photoperiod but with different light intensities at night. The control group was exposed to 0.0001 lux (almost darkness), while the experimental group was exposed to 0.3 lux at night, simulating conditions recorded previously on free-living urban blackbirds. We obtained diel profiles of plasma melatonin for all birds in summer (July) and winter (January), while simultaneously recording locomotor activity. Daily patterns of melatonin concentrations were clearly affected by light-at-night in both seasons. In winter, melatonin concentrations of light-at-night birds were lower in the early and late night than in those of birds kept in darkness. In summer, melatonin concentrations of the light-at-night birds were lower through all night compared to birds kept in darkness. Locomotor activity in light-at-night birds was overall higher than in control individuals, both during the day and at night, and it increased sharply before dawn. In winter, the amount of activity before dawn in the light-at-night group correlated with changes in melatonin from midnight to late night: the greater the decrease in melatonin, the greater the amount of pre-dawn activity. Urban and rural birds responded similarly to light-at-night with respect to melatonin, but differed in their behaviour, with rural birds showing more locomotor activity than urban counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: This study points to reduced melatonin release at night as a potential physiological mechanism underlying the advanced onset of morning activity of urbanized birds. Based on the pattern of melatonin secretion, we suggest that birds responded to light-at-night as if they were exposed to a longer day than birds kept under dark nights. |
| Address |
Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany. ddominoni@orn.mpg.de |
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English |
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1742-9994 |
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PMID:24090446; PMCID:PMC3850952 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
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41 |
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Ratnasari, N.; Candra, E.D.; Saputra, D.H.; Perdana, A.P. |
| Title |
Urban Spatial Pattern and Interaction based on Analysis of Nighttime Remote Sensing Data and Geo-social Media Information |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. |
| Volume |
47 |
Issue |
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Pages |
012038 |
| Keywords |
remote sensing; geo-social media; spatial pattern; spatial interaction; urban; Indonesia |
| Abstract |
Urban development in Indonesia significantly increasing in line with rapid development of infrastructure, utility, and transportation network. Recently, people live depend on lights at night and social media and these two aspects can depicted urban spatial pattern and interaction. This research used nighttime remote sensing data with the VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) day-night band detects lights, gas flares, auroras, and wildfires. Geo-social media information derived from twitter data gave big picture on spatial interaction from the geospatial footprint. Combined both data produced comprehensive urban spatial pattern and interaction in general for Indonesian territory. The result is shown as a preliminary study of integrating nighttime remote sensing data and geospatial footprint from twitter data. |
| Address |
Undergraduate Program of Cartography and Remote Sensing, Department of Geographic Information Science, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; nila.ratnasari(at)mail.ugm.ac.id |
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IOP |
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English |
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English |
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1755-1307 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1653 |
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| Author |
Supronowicz, R.; Fryc, I. |
| Title |
Urban park lighting as a source of botanical light pollution |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Photonics Letters of Poland |
Abbreviated Journal |
Photon.Lett.PL |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
90 |
| Keywords |
Plants |
| Abstract |
That paper describesthe relative impact of anartificial lighting deviceon botanical light pollution, consideringspectral power distribution (SPD in the lighting area. This impact is described by the Relative-to-Moon Photosynthesis Index (RMPI)and Induced Phytochrome Index (IPr). We found that in the case when lighting is realized by using LED luminaires instead of high-pressure sodium (HPS) or metal halide (MH) lamps, the influence of spectral light on plant vegetation process amplifies. Additionally,our research shows that estimating botanical light pollution on the basis of lamps’CCT is not the best method and that using SPD is better for this purpose. |
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2080-2242 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2691 |
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