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Treanor, P. J. |
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A simple propagation law for artificial night-sky illumination |
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1973 |
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The Observatory |
Abbreviated Journal |
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93 |
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117-120 |
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Skyglow |
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The problem of locating new large astronomical observatories in sites which have a suitably dark night sky (artificial excess of the order of omi) is becoming increasingly difficult in Europe and the United States, on account of extensive urban development, the high luminous efficiency of modern discharge lighting, and the scattering of light in an atmosphere contaminated by aerosols. To investigate the artificial illumination of the sky over large regions on the basis of necessarily limited observations, one needs an expression for the zenith brightness produced by towns of known site and distance.
The exact derivation of such a law is exceedingly complex, involving the computation of the radiation transfer in an atmosphere with absorption, multiple scattering, and complicated physical and geometrical parameters. Notwithstanding these difficulties, it is possible to obtain a useful physical insight into the general form of this law by considering a very simplified model, consisting of a homogeneous atmosphere, in which vertical heights are small in relation to the horizontal distances between town and observatory, and which the scattering is limited to a cone of small angle whose axis lies in the direction of the incident beam. The limited scale height and optical thickness of the real atmosphere, and the forward-scattering characteristics of aerosols lend some plausibility to these simplifications. |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2633 |
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Cao, X.; Hu, Y.; Zhu, X.; Shi, F.; Zhuo, L.; Chen, J. |
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A simple self-adjusting model for correcting the blooming effects in DMSP-OLS nighttime light images |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Remote Sensing of Environment |
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Remote Sensing of Environment |
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224 |
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401-411 |
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Remote Sensing |
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Night-time light (NTL) data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operation Linescan System (OLS) provide important observations of human activities; however, DMSP-OLS NTL data suffer from problems such as saturation and blooming. This research developed a self-adjusting model (SEAM) to correct blooming effects in DMSP-OLS NTL data based on a spatial response function and without using any ancillary data. By assuming that the pixels adjacent to the background contain no lights (i.e., pseudo light pixels, PLPs), the blooming effect intensity, a parameter in the SEAM model, can be estimated by pixel-based regression using PLPs and their neighboring light sources. SEAM was applied to all of China, and its performance was assessed for twelve cities with different population sizes. The results show that SEAM can largely reduce the blooming effect in the original DMSP-OLS dataset and enhance its quality. The images after blooming effect correction have higher spatial similarity with Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) images and higher spatial variability than the original DMSP-OLS data. We also found that the average effective blooming distance is approximately 3.5 km in China, which may be amplified if the city is surrounded by water surfaces, and that the blooming effect intensity is positively correlated to atmospheric quality. The effectiveness of the proposed model will improve the capacity of DMSP-OLS images for mapping the urban extent and modeling socioeconomic parameters. |
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0034-4257 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2239 |
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Birriel, J.; Adkins, J. K. |
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A Simple, Portable Apparatus to Measure Night Sky Brightness at Various Zenith Angles |
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2010 |
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The Journal of the American Association of Variable Star Observers |
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38 |
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221 |
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Remote Sensing |
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We describe a simple apparatus for making measurements of night sky brightness as a function of zenith and azimuth using “off-the-shelf” equipment: a Unihedron Sky Quality Meter with Lens, a protractor with plumb-line, a tripod, and a hand-held compass. Compared to a photoelectric or CCD photometric system, this apparatus is simple to set up and use and does not require complex data reduction procedures. Thus, this apparatus makes measurements of night sky brightness as a function of zenith and azimuthal angles quite amenable to students. |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @; IDA @ john @ |
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905 |
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Duriscoe, D.M.; Anderson, S.J.; Luginbuhl, C.B.; Baugh, K.E. |
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A simplified model of all-sky artificial sky glow derived from VIIRS Day/Night band data |
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2018 |
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Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
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Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
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214 |
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133-145 |
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Skyglow; Remote Sensing |
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We present a simplified method using geographic analysis tools to predict the average artificial luminance over the hemisphere of the night sky, expressed as a ratio to the natural condition. The VIIRS Day/Night Band upward radiance data from the Suomi NPP orbiting satellite was used for input to the model. The method is based upon a relation between sky glow brightness and the distance from the observer to the source of upward radiance. This relationship was developed using a Garstang radiative transfer model with Day/Night Band data as input, then refined and calibrated with ground-based all-sky V-band photometric data taken under cloudless and low atmospheric aerosol conditions. An excellent correlation was found between observed sky quality and the predicted values from the remotely sensed data. Thematic maps of large regions of the earth showing predicted artificial V-band sky brightness may be quickly generated with modest computing resources. We have found a fast and accurate method based on previous work to model all-sky quality. We provide limitations to this method. The proposed model meets requirements needed by decision makers and land managers of an easy to interpret and understand metric of sky quality. |
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0022-4073 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1879 |
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Juntunen, E.; Tetri, E.; Tapaninen, O.; Yrjänä S.; Kondratyev, V; . Sitomaniemi, A.; Siirtola, H.; Sarjanoja, E.M.; Aikio, J.; Heikkinen, V |
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Title |
A smart LED luminaire for energy savings in pedestrian road lighting. |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Lighting Research and Technology |
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47 |
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1 |
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103-115 |
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Lighting |
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639 |
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