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Kocifaj, M. |
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Title  |
A numerical experiment on light pollution from distant sources: Light pollution from distant sources |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
MNRAS |
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415 |
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4 |
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3609-3615 |
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Keywords |
scattering; atmospheric effects; light pollution; methods: numerical; skyglow; modeling |
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Abstract |
To predict the light pollution of the night-time sky realistically over any location or measuring point on the ground presents quite a difficult calculation task. Light pollution of the local atmosphere is caused by stray light, light loss or reflection of artificially illuminated ground objects or surfaces such as streets, advertisement boards or building interiors. Thus it depends on the size, shape, spatial distribution, radiative pattern and spectral characteristics of many neighbouring light sources. The actual state of the atmospheric environment and the orography of the surrounding terrain are also relevant. All of these factors together influence the spectral sky radiance/luminance in a complex manner. Knowledge of the directional behaviour of light pollution is especially important for the correct interpretation of astronomical observations. From a mathematical point of view, the light noise or veil luminance of a specific sky element is given by a superposition of scattered light beams. Theoretical models that simulate light pollution typically take into account all ground-based light sources, thus imposing great requirements on CPU and MEM. As shown in this paper, a contribution of distant sources to the light pollution might be essential under specific conditions of low turbidity and/or Garstang-like radiative patterns. To evaluate the convergence of the theoretical model, numerical experiments are made for different light sources, spectral bands and atmospheric conditions. It is shown that in the worst case the integration limit is approximately 100 km, but it can be significantly shortened for light sources with cosine-like radiative patterns. |
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0035-8711 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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267 |
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Hastings, J. W.; B. M. Sweeney |
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Title |
A persistent diurnal rhythm of luminescence in Ganyaulax Polyedra |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1958 |
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The Biological Bulletin |
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115 |
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3 |
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440-458 |
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Animals |
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1. The characteristics of a persistent diurnal rhythm of luminescence in the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra are described.
2. The light emission upon stimulation, from cultures which are kept in alternating light and dark periods of 12 hours each (= LD), is 40 to 60 times greater during the dark period than during the light period. If LD cultures are placed in continuous dim light (100 foot-candles) a diurnal rhythm of luminescence persists. If LD cultures are placed in continuous bright light (> 1500 foot-candles) the rhythm is damped, and no fluctuations occur in the amount of light emitted.
3. The occurrence of rhythmicity is not dependent upon prior exposure to LD conditions. Cultures which have been grown in bright light for as long as one year show a diurnal rhythm when placed in constant dim light or darkness. Cultures kept in alternating light and dark cycles which are greater or less than 24 hours similarly show a diurnal rhythm when returned to constant dim light or darkness. “Training” or “memory” is therefore not involved.
4. The rhythm can be entrained by light-dark cycles which are different from 24 hours. The period of the luminescence rhythm corresponds to light-dark cycles which have periods ranging between 12 and 32 hours.
5. The period of the rhythm is always close to 24 hours when the cells are kept under constant conditions, but it varies slightly depending upon the temperature and light intensity.
6. The phase of the rhythm under constant conditions is related to the time at which the previous lightand dark periods occurred. Moreover, the phase may be shifted by interposing a non-repeated exposure to a different light intensity. The number of hours by which the phase is shifted in such an experiment is dependent upon the intensity and duration of the light treatment, and the time in the cycle when it is administered.
7. Exhaustive mechanical stimulation does not alter the phase of the rhythm.
8. When cultures having different phases were mixed, no evidence was found which would indicate that there was any interaction between them.
9. The evidence presented indicates that the diurnal rhythmicity is the consequence of a basic oscillatory mechanism which is inherent to the cell. |
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759 |
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Author |
Rayleigh, L. |
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A Photoelectric Method of Measuring the Light of the Night Sky with Studies of the Course of Variation through the Night |
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Journal Article |
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1929 |
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Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |
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Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |
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124 |
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794 |
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395-408 |
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Instrumentation; Night Sky Brightness |
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1364-5021 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2396 |
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Author |
Elvey, C.T.; Roach, F.E. |
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A Photoelectric Study of the Light from the Night Sky |
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1937 |
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The Astrophysical Journal |
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ApJL |
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85 |
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213 |
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Instrumentation; Sky Brightness |
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0004-637X |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2399 |
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Grubisic, M.; Singer, G.; Bruno, M.C.; van Grunsven, R.H.A.; Manfrin, A.; Monaghan, M.T.; Hölker, F. |
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A pigment composition analysis reveals community changes in pre-established stream periphyton under low-level artificial light at night |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Limnologica |
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69 |
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55-58 |
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Plants; Ecology |
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Freshwaters are increasingly exposed to artificial light at night (ALAN), yet the consequences for aquatic primary producers remain largely unknown. We used stream-side flumes to expose three-week-old periphyton to LED light. Pigment composition was used to infer community changes in LED-lit and control periphyton before and after three weeks of treatment. The proportion of diatoms/chrysophytes decreased (14%) and cyanobacteria increased (17%) in lit periphyton in spring. This may reduce periphyton nutritional quality in artificially-lit waters. |
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0075-9511 |
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LoNNe @ schroer @ |
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1791 |
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