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Author |
Walker, W.H. 2nd; Borniger, J.C.; Gaudier-Diaz, M.M.; Hecmarie Melendez-Fernandez, O.; Pascoe, J.L.; Courtney DeVries, A.; Nelson, R.J. |
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Title  |
Acute exposure to low-level light at night is sufficient to induce neurological changes and depressive-like behavior |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Molecular Psychiatry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol Psychiatry |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
s41380-019-0430-4 |
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Keywords |
Human health; physiology; brain |
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Abstract |
The advent and wide-spread adoption of electric lighting over the past century has profoundly affected the circadian organization of physiology and behavior for many individuals in industrialized nations; electric lighting in homes, work environments, and public areas have extended daytime activities into the evening, thus, increasing night-time exposure to light. Although initially assumed to be innocuous, chronic exposure to light at night (LAN) is now associated with increased incidence of cancer, metabolic disorders, and affective problems in humans. However, little is known about potential acute effects of LAN. To determine whether acute exposure to low-level LAN alters brain function, adult male, and female mice were housed in either light days and dark nights (LD; 14 h of 150 lux:10 h of 0 lux) or light days and low level light at night (LAN; 14 h of 150 lux:10 h of 5 lux). Mice exposed to LAN on three consecutive nights increased depressive-like responses compared to mice housed in dark nights. In addition, female mice exposed to LAN increased central tendency in the open field. LAN was associated with reduced hippocampal vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in both male and female mice, as well as increased VEGFR1 and interleukin-1beta mRNA expression in females, and reduced brain derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in males. Further, LAN significantly altered circadian rhythms (activity and temperature) and circadian gene expression in female and male mice, respectively. Altogether, this study demonstrates that acute exposure to LAN alters brain physiology and can be detrimental to well-being in otherwise healthy individuals. |
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Department of Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA |
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Nature |
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English |
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1359-4184 |
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PMID:31138889 |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
2509 |
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Author |
Walker, W.H. 2nd; Borniger, J.C.; Gaudier-Diaz, M.M.; Hecmarie Melendez-Fernandez, O.; Pascoe, J.L.; Courtney DeVries, A.; Nelson, R.J. |
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Title |
Acute exposure to low-level light at night is sufficient to induce neurological changes and depressive-like behavior |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Molecular Psychiatry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol Psychiatry |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
s41380 |
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Keywords |
Animals; mouse models; mood disorders; Human Health |
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Abstract |
The advent and wide-spread adoption of electric lighting over the past century has profoundly affected the circadian organization of physiology and behavior for many individuals in industrialized nations; electric lighting in homes, work environments, and public areas have extended daytime activities into the evening, thus, increasing night-time exposure to light. Although initially assumed to be innocuous, chronic exposure to light at night (LAN) is now associated with increased incidence of cancer, metabolic disorders, and affective problems in humans. However, little is known about potential acute effects of LAN. To determine whether acute exposure to low-level LAN alters brain function, adult male, and female mice were housed in either light days and dark nights (LD; 14 h of 150 lux:10 h of 0 lux) or light days and low level light at night (LAN; 14 h of 150 lux:10 h of 5 lux). Mice exposed to LAN on three consecutive nights increased depressive-like responses compared to mice housed in dark nights. In addition, female mice exposed to LAN increased central tendency in the open field. LAN was associated with reduced hippocampal vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in both male and female mice, as well as increased VEGFR1 and interleukin-1beta mRNA expression in females, and reduced brain derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in males. Further, LAN significantly altered circadian rhythms (activity and temperature) and circadian gene expression in female and male mice, respectively. Altogether, this study demonstrates that acute exposure to LAN alters brain physiology and can be detrimental to well-being in otherwise healthy individuals. |
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Department of Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA |
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1359-4184 |
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PMID:31138889; PMCID:PMC6881534 |
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no |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2768 |
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Author |
Stockl, A.L.; Ribi, W.A.; Warrant, E.J. |
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Title |
Adaptations for nocturnal and diurnal vision in the hawkmoth lamina |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
The Journal of Comparative Neurology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Neurol |
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Volume |
524 |
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1 |
Pages |
160–175 |
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Keywords |
vision, animals |
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Abstract |
Animals use vision over a wide range of light intensities, from dim starlight to bright sunshine. For animals active in very dim light the visual system is challenged by several sources of visual noise. Adaptations in the eyes, as well as in the neural circuitry, have evolved to suppress the noise and enhance the visual signal, thereby improving vision in dim light. Among neural adaptations, spatial summation of visual signals from neighboring processing units is suggested to increase the reliability of signal detection and thus visual sensitivity. In insects, the likely neural candidates for carrying out spatial summation are the lamina monopolar cells (LMCs) of the first visual processing area of the insect brain (the lamina). We have classified LMCs in three species of hawkmoths having considerably different activity periods but very similar ecology – the diurnal Macroglossum stellatarum, the nocturnal Deilephila elpenor and the crepuscular-nocturnal Manduca sexta. Using this classification, we investigated the anatomical adaptations of hawkmoth LMCs suited for spatial summation. We found that specific types of LMCs have dendrites extending to significantly more neighboring cartridges in the two nocturnal and crepuscular species than in the diurnal species, making these LMC types strong candidates for spatial summation. Moreover, while the absolute number of cartridges visited by the LMCs differed between the two dim-light species, their dendritic extents were very similar in terms of visual angle, possibly indicating a limiting spatial acuity. Interestingly, the overall size of the lamina neuropil did not correlate with the size of its LMCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. |
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Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362, Lund, Sweden |
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English |
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0021-9967 |
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PMID:26100612 |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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1190 |
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Author |
Halfwerk, W.; Blaas, M.; Kramer, L.; Hijner, N.; Trillo, P.A.; Bernal, X.E.; Page, R.A.; Goutte, S.; Ryan, M.J.; Ellers, J. |
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Title |
Adaptive changes in sexual signalling in response to urbanization |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Nature Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat Ecol Evol |
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3 |
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374-380 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
Urbanization can cause species to adjust their sexual displays, because the effectiveness of mating signals is influenced by environmental conditions. Despite many examples that show that mating signals in urban conditions differ from those in rural conditions, we do not know whether these differences provide a combined reproductive and survival benefit to the urban phenotype. Here we show that male tungara frogs have increased the conspicuousness of their calls, which is under strong sexual and natural selection by signal receivers, as an adaptive response to city life. The urban phenotype consequently attracts more females than the forest phenotype, while avoiding the costs that are imposed by eavesdropping bats and midges, which we show are rare in urban areas. Finally, we show in a translocation experiment that urban frogs can reduce risk of predation and parasitism when moved to the forest, but that forest frogs do not increase their sexual attractiveness when moved to the city. Our findings thus reveal that urbanization can rapidly drive adaptive signal change via changes in both natural and sexual selection pressures. |
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Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
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English |
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2397-334X |
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Notes |
PMID:30532046 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2136 |
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Author |
Takemura, Y.; Ito, M.; Shimizu, Y.; Okano, K.; Okano, T. |
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Title |
Adaptive light: a lighting control method aligned with dark adaptation of human vision |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Rep |
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10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
11204 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; Vision; Lighting |
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Abstract |
Light exposure before sleep causes a reduction in the quality and duration of sleep. In order to reduce these detrimental effects of light exposure, it is important to dim the light. However, dimming the light often causes inconvenience and can lower the quality of life (QOL). We therefore aimed to develop a lighting control method for use before going to bed, in which the illuminance of lights can be ramped down with less of a subjective feeling of changes in illuminance. We performed seven experiments in a double-blind, randomized crossover design. In each experiment, we compared two lighting conditions. We examined constant illuminance, linear dimming, and three monophasic and three biphasic exponential dimming, to explore the fast and slow increases in visibility that reflect the dark adaptation of cone and rod photoreceptors in the retina, respectively. Finally, we developed a biphasic exponential dimming method termed Adaptive Light 1.0. Adaptive Light 1.0 significantly prevented the misidentification seen in constant light and effectively suppressed perceptions of the illuminance change. This novel lighting method will help to develop new intelligent lighting instruments that reduce the negative effect of light on sleep and also lower energy consumption. |
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The Smart Life Science Institute, ACROSS, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan. okano@waseda.jp |
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English |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
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Notes |
PMID:32641723; PMCID:PMC7343865 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
3050 |
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