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Author |
Kohyama, J. |
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Title  |
A newly proposed disease condition produced by light exposure during night: asynchronization |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
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Brain & Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
Brain Dev |
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31 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
255-273 |
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Keywords |
Adolescent; Adult; Biological Clocks; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronotherapy; Circadian Rhythm/physiology; Complementary Therapies; Humans; Infant; Japan; *Light; Motor Activity; Phototherapy; Serotonin/metabolism; Sleep; Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm/*physiopathology/therapy; Students; Wakefulness |
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Abstract |
The bedtime of preschoolers/pupils/students in Japan has become progressively later with the result sleep duration has become progressively shorter. With these changes, more than half of the preschoolers/pupils/students in Japan recently have complained of daytime sleepiness, while approximately one quarter of junior and senior high school students in Japan reportedly suffer from insomnia. These preschoolers/pupils/students may be suffering from behaviorally induced insufficient sleep syndrome due to inadequate sleep hygiene. If this diagnosis is correct, they should be free from these complaints after obtaining sufficient sleep by avoiding inadequate sleep hygiene. However, such a therapeutic approach often fails. Although social factors are often involved in these sleep disturbances, a novel clinical notion--asynchronization--can further a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of these disturbances. The essence of asynchronization is a disturbance in various aspects (e.g., cycle, amplitude, phase and interrelationship) of the biological rhythms that normally exhibit circadian oscillation, presumably involving decreased activity of the serotonergic system. The major trigger of asynchronization is hypothesized to be a combination of light exposure during the night and a lack of light exposure in the morning. In addition to basic principles of morning light and an avoidance of nocturnal light exposure, presumable potential therapeutic approaches for asynchronization involve both conventional ones (light therapy, medications (hypnotics, antidepressants, melatonin, vitamin B12), physical activation, chronotherapy) and alternative ones (kampo, pulse therapy, direct contact, control of the autonomic nervous system, respiration (qigong, tanden breathing), chewing, crawling). A morning-type behavioral preference is described in several of the traditional textbooks for good health. The author recommends a morning-type behavioral lifestyle as a way to reduce behavioral/emotional problems, and to lessen the likelihood of falling into asynchronization. |
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Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Kita Shakai Hoken Hospital, 4-17-56 Akabanedai, Tokyo, Japan. j-kohyama@tokyokita-jadecom.jp |
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0387-7604 |
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PMID:18757146 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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297 |
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Author |
Chen, X.; Jia, X.; Pickering, M. |
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Title |
A Nighttime Lights Adjusted Impervious Surface Index (NAISI) with Integration of Landsat Imagery and Nighttime Lights Data from International Space Station |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation |
Abbreviated Journal |
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation |
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83 |
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Pages |
101889 |
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Remote Sensing |
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Accurate mapping of impervious surface is essential for both urbanization monitoring and micro-ecosystem research. However, the confusion between impervious surface and bare soil is the major concern due to their high spectral similarity in optical imagery. Integration of multi-sensor images is considered to offer a better capacity for distinguishing impervious surface from background. In this paper, a new impervious surface index namely nighttime light adjusted impervious surface index (NAISI), which integrates information from Landsat and nighttime lights (NTL) data from International Space Station (NTL-ISS), is proposed. Parallel to baseline subtraction approaches, NAISI integrate the information from the first component of principal component (PC) transformation of NTL-ISS, the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) and the third component of tasseled cap transform (TC3) of the Landsat data. Visual interpretation and quantitative indices (SDI, Kappa and overall accuracy) were adopted to elevate the accuracy and separability of NAISI. Comparative analysis with NTL derived light intensity, optical indices, as well as existing optical-NTL indices were conducted to examine the performance of NAISI. Results indicate that NAISI achieves a more promising capability in impervious surface mapping. This demonstrates the superiority of integration of optical and nighttime lights information for imperviousness detection. |
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0303-2434 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2658 |
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Rea, M.; Skinner, N.; Bullough, J. |
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A Novel Barricade Warning Light System Using Wireless Communications |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-5036 |
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In press |
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Lighting; Safety |
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Workers in construction and transportation sectors are at increased risk for work-related injuries and fatalities by nearby traffic. Barricade-mounted warning lights meeting current specifications do not always provide consistent and adequate visual guidance to drivers and can contribute to glare and reduced safety. Through an implementation of sensors and wireless communications, a novel, intelligent set of warning lights and a tablet-based interface were developed. The lights modulate between 100% and 10% of maximum intensity rather than between 100% and off in order to improve visual guidance and adjust their overall intensity based on ambient conditions. The lights can be synchronized or operated in sequential flash patterns at any frequency between 1 and 4 Hz, and sequential patterns automatically update based on global positioning satellite (GPS) locations displayed in the control interface. A successful field demonstration of the system verified that its functions were viewed favorably by transportation safety personnel. |
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NC @ ehyde3 @ |
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2117 |
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Author |
Chen, M.; Cai, H.; Yang, X.; Jin, C. |
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Title |
A novel classification regression method for gridded electric power consumption estimation in China |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Scientific Reports |
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Sci Rep |
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10 |
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1 |
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18558 |
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Remote Sensing |
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Spatially explicit information on electric power consumption (EPC) is crucial for effective electricity allocation and utilization. Many studies have estimated fine-scale spatial EPC based on remotely sensed nighttime light (NTL). However, the spatial non-stationary relationship between EPC and NTL at prefectural level tends to be overlooked in existing literature. In this study, a classification regression method to estimate the gridded EPC in China based on imaging NTL via a Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) was described. In addition, owing to some inherent omissions in the VIIRS NTL data, the study has employed the cubic Hermite interpolation to produce a more appropriate NTL dataset for estimation. The proposed method was compared with ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) approaches. The results showed that our proposed method outperformed OLS and GWR in relative error (RE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The desirable results benefited mainly from a reasonable classification scheme that fully considered the spatial non-stationary relationship between EPC and NTL. Thus, the analysis suggested that the proposed classification regression method would enhance the accuracy of the gridded EPC estimation and provide a valuable reference predictive model for electricity consumption. |
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College of Urban and Environment, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China |
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2045-2322 |
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PMID:33122690; PMCID:PMC7596565 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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3193 |
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Provencio, I.; Rodriguez, I.R.; Jiang, G.; Hayes, W.P.; Moreira, E.F.; Rollag, M.D. |
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Title |
A Novel Human Opsin in the Inner Retina. |
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Journal Article |
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2000 |
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20 |
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2 |
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600-605 |
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Human Health |
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Here we report the identification of a novel human opsin, melanopsin, that is expressed in cells of the mammalian inner retina. The human melanopsin gene consists of 10 exons and is mapped to chromosome 10q22. This chromosomal localization and gene structure differs significantly from that of other human opsins that typically have four to seven exons. A survey of 26 anatomical sites indicates that, in humans, melanopsin is expressed only in the eye. In situ hybridization histochemistry shows that melanopsin expression is restricted to cells within the ganglion and amacrine cell layers of the primate and murine retinas. Notably, expression is not observed in retinal photoreceptor cells, the opsin-containing cells of the outer retina that initiate vision. The unique inner retinal localization of melanopsin suggests that it is not involved in image formation but rather may mediate nonvisual photoreceptive tasks, such as the regulation of circadian rhythms and the acute suppression of pineal melatonin. The anatomical distribution of melanopsin-positive retinal cells is similar to the pattern of cells known to project from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus, a primary circadian pacemaker. |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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530 |
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