| Records |
| Author |
Hoffmann, J.; Palme, R.; Eccard, J.A. |
| Title |
Long-term dim light during nighttime changes activity patterns and space use in experimental small mammal populations |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Environmental Pollution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ Pollut |
| Volume |
238 |
Issue |
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Pages |
844-851 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is spreading worldwide and thereby is increasingly interfering with natural dark-light cycles. Meanwhile, effects of very low intensities of light pollution on animals have rarely been investigated. We explored the effects of low intensity ALAN over seven months in eight experimental bank vole (Myodes glareolus) populations in large grassland enclosures over winter and early breeding season, using LED garden lamps. Initial populations consisted of eight individuals (32 animals per hectare) in enclosures with or without ALAN. We found that bank voles under ALAN experienced changes in daily activity patterns and space use behavior, measured by automated radiotelemetry. There were no differences in survival and body mass, measured with live trapping, and none in levels of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites. Voles in the ALAN treatment showed higher activity at night during half moon, and had larger day ranges during new moon. Thus, even low levels of light pollution as experienced in remote areas or by sky glow can lead to changes in animal behavior and could have consequences for species interactions. |
| Address |
Animal Ecology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469, Potsdam, Germany |
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English |
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0269-7491 |
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PMID:29627754 |
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no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1848 |
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Barentine, J.C.; Walker, C.E.; Kocifaj, M.; Kundracik, F.; Juan, A.; Kanemoto, J.; Monrad, C.K. |
| Title |
Skyglow Changes Over Tucson, Arizona, Resulting From A Municipal LED Street Lighting Conversion |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
| Volume |
212 |
Issue |
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Pages |
10-23 |
| Keywords |
Skyglow; Tucson; Arizona; LED; modeling; radiative transfer; LED |
| Abstract |
The transition from earlier lighting technologies to white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is a significant change in the use of artificial light at night. LEDs emit considerably more short-wavelength light into the environment than earlier technologies on a per-lumen basis. Radiative transfer models predict increased skyglow over cities transitioning to LED unless the total lumen output of new lighting systems is reduced. The City of Tucson, Arizona (U.S.), recently converted its municipal street lighting system from a mixture of fully shielded high- and low-pressure sodium (HPS/LPS) luminaires to fully shielded 3000 K white LED luminaires. The lighting design intended to minimize increases to skyglow in order to protect the sites of nearby astronomical observatories without compromising public safety. This involved the migration of over 445 million fully shielded HPS/LPS lumens to roughly 142 million fully shielded 3000 K white LED lumens and an expected concomitant reduction in the amount of visual skyglow over Tucson. SkyGlow Simulator models predict skyglow decreases on the order of 10-20% depending on whether fully shielded or partly shielded lights are in use. We tested this prediction using visual night sky brightness estimates and luminance-calibrated, panchromatic all-sky imagery at 15 locations in and near the city. Data were obtained in 2014, before the LED conversion began, and in mid-2017 after approximately 95% of ~18,000 luminaires was converted. Skyglow differed marginally, and in all cases with valid data changed by <±20%. Over the same period, the city’s upward-directed optical radiance detected from Earth orbit decreased by approximately 7%. While these results are not conclusive, they suggest that LED conversions paired with dimming can reduce skyglow over cities. |
| Address |
International Dark-Sky Association, 3223 N 1st Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85719 USA; john(at)darksky.org |
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Elsevier |
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English |
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English |
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0022-4073 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1819 |
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| Author |
Shillo, R., & Halevy, A. H. |
| Title |
Interaction of photoperiod and temperature in flowering-control of Gypsophila paniculata L |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Scientia Horticulturae |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
385-393 |
| Keywords |
Plants |
| Abstract |
Long day promotes flowering of Gysophila paniculata L cultivar ‘Bristol Fairy’. Repeated treatments with GA3 or GA4 + 7 in short days did not promote flowering. The long photoperiod is effective only at relatively high temperatures. At night temperatures below 12°C, the plants remain vegetative even in long days. Efficient artificial lighting is from incandescent lamps at 60–100 lux. Fluorescent lighting (Cool-White) is not effective. Lighting of 4 hours as a night-break or at the end of the night were equally effective, but 4 hours lighting as a day-extension was less effective. Whole-night lighting promoted flowering more than any of the 4-hour lighting regimes. Cyclic lighting of one third light in each cycle promoted flowering to the same extent as continuous lighting. Light intensity during the day has a decisive effect on flower production. |
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no |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2370 |
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| Author |
Elvidge, C. D.; Baugh, K. E.; Dietz, J. B.; Bland, T.; Sutton, P. C.; Kroehl, H. W. |
| Title |
Radiance calibration of DMSP-OLS low-light imaging data of human settlements. |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing of Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
68 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
77-88 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing; DMSP; DMSP-OLS; satellite; night lights; light pollution |
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Nocturnal lighting is a primary method for enabling human activity. Outdoor lighting is used extensively worldwide in residential, commercial, industrial, public facilities, and roadways. A radiance calibrated nighttime lights image of the United States has been assembled from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS). The satellite observation of the location and intensity of nocturnal lighting provide a unique view of humanities presence and can be used as a spatial indicator for other variables that are more difficult to observe at a global scale. Examples include the modeling of population density and energy related greenhouse gas emissions. |
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NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, CO USA |
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Elsevier |
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English |
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English |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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930 |
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| Author |
Neale, W., Marr, J., McKelvey, N., & Kuzel, M. |
| Title |
Nighttime Visibility in Varying Moonlight Conditions |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-1005 |
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Moonlight; Vision |
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When the visibility of an object or person in the roadway from a driver’s perspective is an issue, the potential effect of moonlight is sometimes questioned. To assess this potential effect, methods typically used to quantify visibility were performed during conditions with no moon and with a full moon. In the full moon condition, measurements were collected from initial moon rise until the moon reached peak azimuth. Baseline ambient light measurements of illumination at the test surface were measured in both no moon and full moon scenarios. Additionally, a vehicle with activated low beam headlamps was positioned in the testing area and the change in illumination at two locations forward of the vehicle was recorded at thirty-minute intervals as the moon rose to the highest position in the sky. Also, two separate luminance readings were recorded during the test intervals, one location 75 feet in front and to the left of the vehicle, and another 150 feet forward of the vehicle. These luminance readings yielding the change in reflected light attributable to the moon. In addition to the quantitative measurement of light contributed by the moon, documentation to the change in visibility of objects and pedestrians located on the roadway were documented through photographs. Calibrated nighttime photographs were taken from the driver’s perspective inside the vehicle with low beam headlamps activated. The photographs were analyzed after testing to determine how the light intensity of the pixels in the photographs changed at each thirty-minute interval due to the additional light contribution from the moon. The results of this testing indicate that the quantifiable change in visibility distance attributable to added moonlight was negligible, and in real-world driving situations, the effect of additional illumination from a full moon would be unlikely to affect the detection of an object or pedestrian in or near the travel lane of the roadway. |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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2355 |
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