| Records |
| Author |
Kocifaj, M.; Solano Lamphar, H.A. |
| Title |
Skyglow: a retrieval of the approximate radiant intensity function of ground-based light sources |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Volume  |
439 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
3405-3413 |
| Keywords |
radiative transfer; atmospheric effects; light pollution; methods: observational; site testing; skyglow; modeling |
| Abstract |
The angular distribution of the light emitted from a city is an important source of information about public lighting systems and it also plays a key role in modelling the skyglow. Usually, the upwardly directed radiation is characterized through a parametrized emission function – a semi-empirical approach as a reasonable approximation that allows for fast computations. However, theoretical or experimental retrievals of emission characteristics are extremely difficult to obtain because of both the complexity of radiative transfer methods and/or the lack of highly specialized measuring devices.
Our research has been conducted with the specific objective to identify an efficient theoretical technique for retrieval of the emission pattern of ground-based light sources in order to determine the optimum values of the scaling parameters of the Garstang function. In particular, the input data involve the zenith luminance or radiance with horizontal illuminance or irradiance. Theoretical ratios of zenith luminance LV(0) to horizontal illuminance DV are calculated for a set of distances d that separate a hypothetical observer from the light source (a city or town). This approach is advantageous because inexpensive traditional equipment can be used to obtain the mean values of the Garstang parameters. Furthermore, it can also be applied to other parametrizable emission functions and to any measuring site, even one with a masked horizon. |
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Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovak Republic |
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0035-8711 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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326 |
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Sciezor, T. |
| Title |
A new astronomical method for determining the brightness of the night sky and its application to study long-term changes in the level of light pollution |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
| Volume |
435 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
303-310 |
| Keywords |
light pollution methods; data analysis methods; observational site testing; comets; measurements; light pollution; skyglow |
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In this paper, I present a new method that has been developed for determining the brightness of a cloudless night sky, on the basis of widely available amateur observations of comets. The tests show the correctness of the method, which makes it possible to determine the level of light pollution, defined as the brightness of the artificial sky glow, through the use of the archival observations of comets. The use of data bases of comet observations in Poland in the period 1994–2009 has led to a positive verification of the known model map of the brightness of the night sky. Also, it has been possible to find changes in the level of light pollution in this period, at the selected observation sites. |
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0035-8711 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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266 |
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| Author |
Foster, R.G. |
| Title |
Neurobiology: bright blue times |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
433 |
Issue |
7027 |
Pages |
698-699 |
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Human Health; Animals; Circadian Rhythm/physiology/radiation effects; Color Perception/physiology/*radiation effects; Humans; *Light; Light Signal Transduction/*radiation effects; Mice; Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology/physiology/radiation effects; Retinaldehyde/chemistry/metabolism; Rod Opsins/*metabolism; NASA Discipline Space Human Factors; Non-NASA Center |
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English |
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0028-0836 |
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PMID:15716938 |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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750 |
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| Author |
Cinzano, P.; Falchi, F. |
| Title |
The propagation of light pollution in the atmosphere |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
| Volume |
427 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
3337-3357 |
| Keywords |
radiative transfer; scattering; atmospheric effects; light pollution; site testing; light at night; Garstang model; LPTRAN; DMSP-OLS; GTOPO30; modeling; propagation |
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Recent methods to map artificial night-sky brightness and stellar visibility across large territories or their distribution over the entire sky at any site are based on computation of the propagation of light pollution with Garstang models, a simplified solution of the radiative transfer problem in the atmosphere that allows fast computation by reducing it to a ray-tracing approach. They are accurate for a clear atmosphere, when a two-scattering approximation is acceptable, which is the most common situation. We present here up-to-date extended Garstang models (EGM), which provide a more general numerical solution for the radiative transfer problem applied to the propagation of light pollution in the atmosphere. We also present the LPTRAN software package, an application of EGM to high-resolution Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) satellite measurements of artificial light emission and to GTOPO30 (Global 30 Arcsecond) digital elevation data, which provides an up-to-date method to predict the artificial brightness distribution of the night sky at any site in the world at any visible wavelength for a broad range of atmospheric situations and the artificial radiation density in the atmosphere across the territory. EGM account for (i) multiple scattering, (ii) wavelengths from 250 nm to infrared, (iii) the Earth's curvature and its screening effects, (iv) site and source elevation, (v) many kinds of atmosphere with the possibility of custom set-up (e.g. including thermal inversion layers), (vi) a mix of different boundary-layer aerosols and tropospheric aerosols, with the possibility of custom set-up, (vii) up to five aerosol layers in the upper atmosphere, including fresh and aged volcanic dust and meteoric dust, (viii) variations of the scattering phase function with elevation, (ix) continuum and line gas absorption from many species, ozone included, (x) up to five cloud layers, (xi) wavelength-dependent bidirectional reflectance of the ground surface from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite data, main models or custom data (snow included) and (xii) geographically variable upward light-emission function given as a three-parameter function or a Legendre polynomial series. Atmospheric scattering properties or light-pollution propagation functions from other sources can also be applied. A more general solution allows us to account also for (xiii) mountain screening, (xiv) geographical gradients of atmospheric conditions, including localized clouds and (xv) geographic distribution of ground surfaces, but suffers from too heavy computational requirements. Comparisons between predictions of classic Garstang models and EGM show close agreement for a US62 standard clear atmosphere and typical upward emission function. |
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0035-8711 |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
271 |
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Kyba, C.C.M.; Ruhtz, T.; Fischer, J.; Hölker, F. |
| Title |
Red is the new black: how the colour of urban skyglow varies with cloud cover |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
| Volume |
425 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
701-708 |
| Keywords |
Keywords: skyglow; radiative transfer; atmospheric effects; instrumentation: detectors; light pollution |
| Abstract |
The development of street lamps based on solid-state lighting technology is likely to introduce a major change in the colour of urban skyglow (one form of light pollution). We demonstrate the need for long-term monitoring of this trend by reviewing the influences it is likely to have on disparate fields. We describe a prototype detector which is able to monitor these changes, and could be produced at a cost low enough to allow extremely widespread use. Using the detector, we observed the differences in skyglow radiance in red, green and blue channels. We find that clouds increase the radiance of red light by a factor of 17.6, which is much larger than that for blue (7.1). We also find that the gradual decrease in sky radiance observed on clear nights in Berlin appears to be most pronounced at longer wavelengths. |
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0035-8711 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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272 |
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