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| Author | Xavier Kerola, D. | ||||
| Title | Modelling artificial night-sky brightness with a polarized multiple scattering radiative transfer computer code: Modelling artificial night-sky brightness | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | Abbreviated Journal  |
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| Volume | 365 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 1295-1299 |
| Keywords | Skyglow; modeling; radiative transfer; Gauss-Seidel; light pollution; Garstang model | ||||
| Abstract | As part of an ongoing investigation of radiative effects produced by hazy atmospheres, computational procedures have been developed for use in determining the brightening of the night sky as a result of urban illumination. The downwardly and upwardly directed radiances of multiply scattered light from an offending metropolitan source are computed by a straightforward Gauss-Seidel (G-S) iterative technique applied directly to the integrated form of Chandrasekhar's vectorized radiative transfer equation. Initial benchmark night-sky brightness tests of the present G-S model using fully consistent optical emission and extinction input parameters yield very encouraging results when compared with the double scattering treatment of Garstang, the only full-fledged previously available model. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0035-8711 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 278 | ||
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| Author | Fouquet, R.; Pearson, P.J. | ||||
| Title | Seven centuries of energy services: The price and use of light in the United Kingdom (1300-2000) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Energy Journal | Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume | 27 | Issue | Pages | 139-177 | |
| Keywords | Energy; Economics | ||||
| Abstract | Before the mid-eighteenth century, most people lived in near-complete darkness except in the presence of sunlight and moonlight. Since then, the provision of artificial light has been revolutionised by a series of innovations in appliances, fuels, infrastructures and institutions that have enabled the growing demands of economic development for artificial light to be met at dramatically lower costs: by the year 2000, while United Kingdom GDP per capita was 15 times its 1800 value, lighting services cost less than one three thousandth of their 1800 value, per capita use was 6,500 times greater and total lighting consumption was 25,000 times higher than in 1800. The economic history of light shows how focussing on developments in energy service provision rather than simply on energy use and prices can reveal the ‘true’ declines in costs, enhanced levels of consumption and welfare gains that have been achieved. While emphasising the value of past experience, the paper also warns against the dangers of over-reliance on past trends for the long-run forecasting of energy consumption given the potential for the introduction of new technologies and fuels, and for rebound and saturation effects. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ | Serial | 441 | ||
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| Author | Marchant, P.R. | ||||
| Title | Investigating whether a crime reduction measure works | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Radical Statistics | Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume | 91 | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | Public Safety | ||||
| Abstract | Crime is a serious business. It causes great distress and fear. It costs a lot to deal with its consequences. In these regards crime shares much with the problem of ill-health and disease. The application of sound science and statistics has allowed great strides to be made in dealing with problems of ill health. Medical statistics is one of the recognised, established disciplines involved in researching healthcare. The parallels between research in crime reduction and in healthcare do appear to differ in terms of quality. Although there is still room for considerable improvement in researching health-care, an investigation into the underpinning of statistical methods used indicates that the problems are substantially worse in the study of crime. The consideration given to statistics in crime studies seems rather flimsy, yet important claims are made which are statistical at source and may affect policy, and so can have considerable costs attached. Therefore, for example, it is important to know whether the underlying crime level has really changed, rather than just being the result of perhaps sampling variation or some artefact giving rise to statistical bias or systematic error. This is necessary when trying to determine whether a Crime Reduction Intervention (CRI) has actually worked. I started examining the scientific basis of the claim for the effectiveness for one particular CRI, basically because I was concerned about negative side effects and I thought the claim implausible. I remain concerned and unconvinced. The statistical issues and concerns I raise apply also to investigating other CRIs and to existing published analyses. This piece extends work presented in Marchant (2006); earlier work on the statistical issues involved can be found in Marchant (2005a, b; 2004). |
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| Call Number | LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ | Serial | 452 | ||
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| Author | Rich, C.; Longcore, T.; editors | ||||
| Title | Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Island Press. | Abbreviated Journal |
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| Keywords | Ecology | ||||
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| Call Number | LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ | Serial | 479 | ||
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| Author | Laaksonen, J.; Laaksonen, T.; Itämies, J.; Rytkönen, S.; Välimäki, P. | ||||
| Title | A new efficient bait-trap model for Lepidoptera surveys – the “ Oulu †model. | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Entomologica Fennica | Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume | 17 | Issue | Pages | 153–160 | |
| Keywords | Animals | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | LoNNe @ kagoburian @ | Serial | 607 | ||
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