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| Author | Anisimov, V. N. | ||||
| Title | Light pollution, reproductive function and cancer risk | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Neuroendocrinology Letters | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 27 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 35-52 |
| Keywords | Human Health | ||||
Abstract  |
At present, light pollution (exposure to light-at-night) both in the form of occupational exposure during night work and as a personal choice and life style, is experienced by numerous night-active members of our society. Disruption of the circadian rhythms induced by light pollution has been associated with cancer in humans. There are epidemiological evidences of increased breast and colon cancer risk in shift workers. An inhibition of the pineal gland function with exposure to the constant light (LL) regimen promoted carcinogenesis whereas the light deprivation inhibits the carcinogenesis. Treatment with pineal indole hormone melatonin inhibits carcinogenesis in pinealectomized rats or animals kept at the standard light/dark regimen (LD) or at the LL regimen. These observations might lead to use melatonin for cancer prevention in groups of humans at risk of light pollution. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | LoNNe @ kagoburian @ | Serial | 703 | ||
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| Author | Petrželková, K. J.; Downs, N. C.; Zukal, J.; Racey, P. A. | ||||
| Title | A comparison between emergence and return activity in pipistrelle bats Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Acta Chiropterologica | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 381-390 |
| Keywords | animals; fying mammals: animal behaviour | ||||
| Abstract |
Bats may be vulnerable to predation during evening emergence and morning return to their roosts. Early emergence increases the risk of exposure to raptorial birds, but emerging late confers a risk of missing the dusk peak of aerial insects. Here, both emergence and return activity was studied in detail at the same roosts for the first time. We investigated six maternity colonies of pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus) in NE Scotland and recorded light levels and time of emergence and return of the bats with respect to sunset and sunrise on the same nights. Parameters of return activity generally occurred at lower light intensities than those of emergence. Therefore, the interval between dawn return and sunrise was generally longer than that between sunset and dusk emergence. Emergence and return were equal in duration. Bats clustered more on emergence in comparison with return during pregnancy and lactation, whereas during postlactation this trend was reversed. | ||||
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| Publisher | BioOne | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | LoNNe @ schroer @ | Serial | 1598 | ||
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| Author | Fouquet, R.; Pearson, P.J. | ||||
| Title | Seven centuries of energy services: The price and use of light in the United Kingdom (1300-2000) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Energy Journal | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 27 | Issue | Pages | 139-177 | |
| Keywords | Energy; Economics | ||||
| Abstract |
Before the mid-eighteenth century, most people lived in near-complete darkness except in the presence of sunlight and moonlight. Since then, the provision of artificial light has been revolutionised by a series of innovations in appliances, fuels, infrastructures and institutions that have enabled the growing demands of economic development for artificial light to be met at dramatically lower costs: by the year 2000, while United Kingdom GDP per capita was 15 times its 1800 value, lighting services cost less than one three thousandth of their 1800 value, per capita use was 6,500 times greater and total lighting consumption was 25,000 times higher than in 1800. The economic history of light shows how focussing on developments in energy service provision rather than simply on energy use and prices can reveal the ‘true’ declines in costs, enhanced levels of consumption and welfare gains that have been achieved. While emphasising the value of past experience, the paper also warns against the dangers of over-reliance on past trends for the long-run forecasting of energy consumption given the potential for the introduction of new technologies and fuels, and for rebound and saturation effects. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ | Serial | 441 | ||
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| Author | Stevens, R.G. | ||||
| Title | Artificial lighting in the industrialized world: circadian disruption and breast cancer | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Cancer Causes & Control : CCC | Abbreviated Journal | Cancer Causes Control |
| Volume | 17 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 501-507 |
| Keywords | Human Health; Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects; Animals; Breast Neoplasms/*etiology; Chronobiology Disorders/*etiology/physiopathology; Circadian Rhythm; Developing Countries; Female; Humans; Lighting/*adverse effects; Melatonin/metabolism; Risk Factors; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/physiopathology | ||||
| Abstract |
Breast cancer risk is high in industrialized societies, and increases as developing countries become more Westernized. The reasons are poorly understood. One possibility is circadian disruption from aspects of modern life, in particular the increasing use of electric power to light the night, and provide a sun-free environment during the day inside buildings. Circadian disruption could lead to alterations in melatonin production and in changing the molecular time of the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). There is evidence in humans that the endogenous melatonin rhythm is stronger for persons in a bright-day environment than in a dim-day environment; and the light intensity necessary to suppress melatonin at night continues to decline as new experiments are done. Melatonin suppression can increase breast tumorigenesis in experimental animals, and altering the endogenous clock mechanism may have downstream effects on cell cycle regulatory genes pertinent to breast tissue development and susceptibility. Therefore, maintenance of a solar day-aligned circadian rhythm in endogenous melatonin and in clock gene expression by exposure to a bright day and a dark night, may be a worthy goal. However, exogenous administration of melatonin in an attempt to achieve this goal may have an untoward effect given that pharmacologic dosing with melatonin has been shown to phase shift humans depending on the time of day it's given. Exogenous melatonin may therefore contribute to circadian disruption rather than alleviate it. | ||||
| Address | University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-6325, USA. bugs@neuron.uchc.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0957-5243 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16596303 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | LoNNe @ kagoburian @ | Serial | 818 | ||
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| Author | Ruger, M.; Gordijn, M.C.M.; Beersma, D.G.M.; de Vries, B.; Daan, S. | ||||
| Title | Time-of-day-dependent effects of bright light exposure on human psychophysiology: comparison of daytime and nighttime exposure | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol |
| Volume | 290 | Issue | 5 | Pages | R1413-20 |
| Keywords | Human Health; Adult; Body Temperature/*physiology; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology; Fatigue/*physiopathology; Heart Rate/*physiology; Humans; Hydrocortisone/*blood; *Light; Sleep Stages/*physiology | ||||
| Abstract |
Bright light can influence human psychophysiology instantaneously by inducing endocrine (suppression of melatonin, increasing cortisol levels), other physiological changes (enhancement of core body temperature), and psychological changes (reduction of sleepiness, increase of alertness). Its broad range of action is reflected in the wide field of applications, ranging from optimizing a work environment to treating depressed patients. For optimally applying bright light and understanding its mechanism, it is crucial to know whether its effects depend on the time of day. In this paper, we report the effects of bright light given at two different times of day on psychological and physiological parameters. Twenty-four subjects participated in two experiments (n = 12 each). All subjects were nonsmoking, healthy young males (18-30 yr). In both experiments, subjects were exposed to either bright light (5,000 lux) or dim light <10 lux (control condition) either between 12:00 P.M. and 4:00 P.M. (experiment A) or between midnight and 4:00 A.M. (experiment B). Hourly measurements included salivary cortisol concentrations, electrocardiogram, sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale), fatigue, and energy ratings (Visual Analog Scale). Core body temperature was measured continuously throughout the experiments. Bright light had a time-dependent effect on heart rate and core body temperature; i.e., bright light exposure at night, but not in daytime, increased heart rate and enhanced core body temperature. It had no significant effect at all on cortisol. The effect of bright light on the psychological variables was time independent, since nighttime and daytime bright light reduced sleepiness and fatigue significantly and similarly. | ||||
| Address | Department of Chronobiology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. Melanie.Rueger@med.nyu.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0363-6119 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16373441 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | LoNNe @ kagoburian @ | Serial | 801 | ||
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