| Records |
Author  |
Shirkey, R. C. |
| Title |
A Model for Nighttime Urban Illumination |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
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| Keywords |
Skyglow |
| Abstract |
The Army increasingly relies on night operations to accomplish its objectives. These night operations frequently require using Night Vision Goggles and other light-sensitive devices which are strongly affected by ambient lighting, a large component of which is urban. An urban illumination model is proposed for use in tactical decision aids and wargames which would allow for more accurate prediction of target acquisition ranges and increased realism in simulations. This model will build on previous research that predicts broadband brightness as a function of population and distance from the city center. Since city population and aerosols affect light distributions, the model is being extended and generalized for multiple city types and natural and man-made aerosols. An overview of the model along with future improvements will be presented. |
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ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCE DIRECTORATE |
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ADA497505 |
Approved |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1977 |
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| Author |
Sella, K.N.; Salmon, M.; Witherington, B.E. |
| Title |
Filtered Streetlights Attract Hatchling Marine Turtles |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Chelonian Conservation and Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chelonian Conservation and Biology |
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
255-261 |
| Keywords |
Reptilia; Testudines; Cheloniidae; Loggerhead turtle; turtles; marine turtles; reptiles; Caretta caretta; Chelonia mydas; hatchlings; artificial lighting; light “trappingâ€; orientation; seafinding; Florida |
| Abstract |
On many nesting beaches, hatchling marine turtles are exposed to poled street lighting that disrupts their ability to crawl to the sea. Experiments were done to determine how hatchlings responded to street lighting transmitted through 2 filters that excluded the most disruptive wavelengths (those < 530 nm; those < 570 nm). Filtered lighting, however, also attracted the turtles though not as strongly as an unfiltered (high-pressure sodium vapor) lighting. Filtering is therefore of limited utility for light management, especially since other alternatives (such as lowering, shielding, or turning off unnecessary lighting; use of dimmer lights embedded in roadways) are more effective. |
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1071-8443 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
78 |
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| Author |
Ruger, M.; Gordijn, M.C.M.; Beersma, D.G.M.; de Vries, B.; Daan, S. |
| Title |
Time-of-day-dependent effects of bright light exposure on human psychophysiology: comparison of daytime and nighttime exposure |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol |
| Volume |
290 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
R1413-20 |
| Keywords |
Human Health; Adult; Body Temperature/*physiology; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology; Fatigue/*physiopathology; Heart Rate/*physiology; Humans; Hydrocortisone/*blood; *Light; Sleep Stages/*physiology |
| Abstract |
Bright light can influence human psychophysiology instantaneously by inducing endocrine (suppression of melatonin, increasing cortisol levels), other physiological changes (enhancement of core body temperature), and psychological changes (reduction of sleepiness, increase of alertness). Its broad range of action is reflected in the wide field of applications, ranging from optimizing a work environment to treating depressed patients. For optimally applying bright light and understanding its mechanism, it is crucial to know whether its effects depend on the time of day. In this paper, we report the effects of bright light given at two different times of day on psychological and physiological parameters. Twenty-four subjects participated in two experiments (n = 12 each). All subjects were nonsmoking, healthy young males (18-30 yr). In both experiments, subjects were exposed to either bright light (5,000 lux) or dim light <10 lux (control condition) either between 12:00 P.M. and 4:00 P.M. (experiment A) or between midnight and 4:00 A.M. (experiment B). Hourly measurements included salivary cortisol concentrations, electrocardiogram, sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale), fatigue, and energy ratings (Visual Analog Scale). Core body temperature was measured continuously throughout the experiments. Bright light had a time-dependent effect on heart rate and core body temperature; i.e., bright light exposure at night, but not in daytime, increased heart rate and enhanced core body temperature. It had no significant effect at all on cortisol. The effect of bright light on the psychological variables was time independent, since nighttime and daytime bright light reduced sleepiness and fatigue significantly and similarly. |
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Department of Chronobiology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. Melanie.Rueger@med.nyu.edu |
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English |
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0363-6119 |
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| Notes |
PMID:16373441 |
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no |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
Serial |
801 |
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| Author |
Rich, C.; Longcore, T.; editors |
| Title |
Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Island Press. |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Ecology |
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no |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
Serial |
479 |
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| Author |
Reiter, R.J.; Gultekin, F.; Manchester, L.C.; Tan, D.-X. |
| Title |
Light pollution, melatonin suppression and cancer growth |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Pineal Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Pineal Res |
| Volume |
40 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
357-358 |
| Keywords |
Human Health; Animals; Cell Division; Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; *Light; Melatonin/*antagonists & inhibitors; Neoplasms/*pathology; Rats |
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English |
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Edition |
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0742-3098 |
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| Notes |
PMID:16635025 |
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no |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
Serial |
798 |
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