| Records |
Author  |
Gardner, C. |
| Title |
The use and misuse of coloured light in the urban environment |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Optics & Laser Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Optics & Laser Technology |
| Volume |
38 |
Issue |
4-6 |
Pages |
366-376 |
| Keywords |
Planning; Society; Psychology |
| Abstract |
The last few years have seen a huge increase in the transfer of coloured architectural lighting, derived from entertainment and theatre, into the urban and exterior environment. Part of the reason for this is that in the last 15 yr or so, there have been a number of important introductions in coloured lighting technology. These have transformed lighting practice, and while their widespread introduction is seen by some as an enrichment of the urban fabric, others see it as presenting considerable dangers, in terms of aesthetics, perception and in terms of civic identity. Its negative effects on the urban environment have been termed ‘colour blight’.
In this paper, the range of coloured lighting technologies is surveyed and other causes for the increase in coloured lighting are also discussed, together with the problems and benefits involved. Finally, some tentative means are put forward for resolving the problems caused by ‘colour blight’. Current good practice is illustrated by the author's own experience, including his consultancy's participation in a number of urban lighting strategies in the UK and elsewhere. This work involves implementation of a comprehensive lighting plan for the historic city of York, as part of the Urban Lighting Group consortium of three lighting design practices. |
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0030-3992 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2183 |
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Habib, A.; Pullivelli, A.; Mitishita, E.; Ghanma, M.; Kim, E.-M. |
| Title |
Stability analysis of low-cost digital cameras for aerial mapping using different georeferencing techniques. |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
The Photogrammetric Record |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
21 |
Issue |
113 |
Pages |
29–43 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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944 |
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| Author |
Haus, E.; Smolensky, M. |
| Title |
Biological clocks and shift work: circadian dysregulation and potential long-term effects |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Cancer Causes & Control : CCC |
Abbreviated Journal |
Cancer Causes Control |
| Volume |
17 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
489-500 |
| Keywords |
Human Health; Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Biological Clocks; Cardiovascular Abnormalities/etiology; Chronobiology Disorders/*complications/physiopathology; Chronobiology Phenomena; Humans; Neoplasms/etiology; Occupational Diseases/*etiology; Risk Factors; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/physiopathology; *Work Schedule Tolerance |
| Abstract |
Long-term epidemiologic studies on large numbers of night and rotating shift workers have suggested an increase in the incidence of breast and colon cancer in these populations. These studies suffer from poor definition and quantification of the work schedules of the exposed subjects. Against this background, the pathophysiology of phase shift and phase adaptation is reviewed. A phase shift as experienced in night and rotating shift work involves desynchronization at the molecular level in the circadian oscillators in the central nervous tissue and in most peripheral tissues of the body. There is a change in the coordination between oscillators with transient loss of control by the master-oscillator (the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, SCN) in the hypothalamus. The implications of the pathophysiology of phase shift are discussed for long-term health effects and for the design of ergonomic work schedules minimizing the adverse health effects upon the worker. |
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Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Health Partners Medical Group, Regions Hospital, St. Paul, Minnesota 55101, USA. Erhard.X.Haus@Healthpartners.com |
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English |
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0957-5243 |
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PMID:16596302 |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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760 |
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IDA |
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Dark-Sky Park Program |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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edited by International Dark-Sky Association |
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11 |
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Skyglow |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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763 |
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| Author |
Jasser, S.A.; Blask, D.E.; Brainard, G.C. |
| Title |
Light during darkness and cancer: relationships in circadian photoreception and tumor biology |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Cancer Causes & Control : CCC |
Abbreviated Journal |
Cancer Causes Control |
| Volume |
17 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
515-523 |
| Keywords |
Human Health; Animals; *Circadian Rhythm; *Darkness; Humans; *Light; Light Signal Transduction; Melatonin/physiology/secretion; Neoplasms/etiology/pathology/*physiopathology; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/physiology |
| Abstract |
The relationship between circadian phototransduction and circadian-regulated processes is poorly understood. Melatonin, commonly a circadian phase marker, may play a direct role in a myriad of physiologic processes. The circadian rhythm for pineal melatonin secretion is regulated by the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Its neural source of light input is a unique subset of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells expressing melanopsin, the primary circadian photopigment in rodents and primates. Action spectra of melatonin suppression by light have shown that light in the 446-477 nm range, distinct from the visual system's peak sensitivity, is optimal for stimulating the human circadian system. Breast cancer is the oncological disease entity whose relationship to circadian rhythm fluctuations has perhaps been most extensively studied. Empirical data has increasingly supported the hypothesis that higher risk of breast cancer in industrialized countries is partly due to increased exposure to light at night. Studies of tumor biology implicate melatonin as a potential mediator of this effect. Yet, causality between lifestyle factors and circadian tumor biology remains elusive and likely reflects significant variability with physiologic context. Continued rigorous empirical inquiry into the physiology and clinical implications of these habitual, integrated aspects of life is highly warranted at this time. |
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Department of Neurology, Light Research Program, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Suite 507, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. samar.jasser@jefferson.edu |
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English |
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0957-5243 |
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| Notes |
PMID:16596305 |
Approved |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
Serial |
766 |
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