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Fisher, N.A. |
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Title |
Reclaiming the „Dark Sky“. |
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2006 |
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Electrical Contracting Products |
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9 |
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6 |
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30–31 |
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Energy; Lighting |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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1036 |
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Powe, N.A; Willis, K.G.; Garrod, G.D. |
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Title |
Difficulties in Valuing Street Light Improvement: Trust, Surprise and Bound Effects |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Applied Economics |
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38 |
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4 |
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371–381 |
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Economics |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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1055 |
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Petrželková, K. J.; Downs, N. C.; Zukal, J.; Racey, P. A. |
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Title |
A comparison between emergence and return activity in pipistrelle bats Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
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Acta Chiropterologica |
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8 |
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2 |
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381-390 |
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animals; fying mammals: animal behaviour |
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Bats may be vulnerable to predation during evening emergence and morning return to their roosts. Early emergence increases the risk of exposure to raptorial birds, but emerging late confers a risk of missing the dusk peak of aerial insects. Here, both emergence and return activity was studied in detail at the same roosts for the first time. We investigated six maternity colonies of pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus) in NE Scotland and recorded light levels and time of emergence and return of the bats with respect to sunset and sunrise on the same nights. Parameters of return activity generally occurred at lower light intensities than those of emergence. Therefore, the interval between dawn return and sunrise was generally longer than that between sunset and dusk emergence. Emergence and return were equal in duration. Bats clustered more on emergence in comparison with return during pregnancy and lactation, whereas during postlactation this trend was reversed. |
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BioOne |
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English |
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LoNNe @ schroer @ |
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1598 |
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Shirkey, R. C. |
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A Model for Nighttime Urban Illumination |
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2006 |
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Skyglow |
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The Army increasingly relies on night operations to accomplish its objectives. These night operations frequently require using Night Vision Goggles and other light-sensitive devices which are strongly affected by ambient lighting, a large component of which is urban. An urban illumination model is proposed for use in tactical decision aids and wargames which would allow for more accurate prediction of target acquisition ranges and increased realism in simulations. This model will build on previous research that predicts broadband brightness as a function of population and distance from the city center. Since city population and aerosols affect light distributions, the model is being extended and generalized for multiple city types and natural and man-made aerosols. An overview of the model along with future improvements will be presented. |
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ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCE DIRECTORATE |
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ADA497505 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1977 |
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Baker, B.J.; Richardson, J.M.L. |
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The effect of artificial light on male breeding-season behaviour in green frogs,Rana clamitans melanota |
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2006 |
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Canadian Journal of Zoology |
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Can. J. Zool. |
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84 |
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10 |
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1528-1532 |
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animals; amphibians; frogs; green frogs; Rana clamitans melanota; Reproduction; reproductive strategies |
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Artificial night lighting (or ecological light pollution) is only now gaining attention as a source of long-term effects on the ecology of both diurnal and nocturnal animals. The limited data available clearly indicate that artificial light can affect physiology and behaviour of animals, leading to ecological consequences at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. Aquatic ecosystems may be particularly vulnerable to such effects, and nocturnally breeding animals such as frogs may be especially affected. To address this potential, we quantify the effects of artificial light on calling and movement behaviour in a rural population of male green frogs (Rana clamitans melanota (Rafinesque, 1820)) during the breeding season. When exposed to artificial light, frogs produced fewer advertisement calls and moved more frequently than under ambient light conditions. Results clearly demonstrate that male green frog behaviour is affected by the presence of artificial light in a manner that has the potential to reduce recruitment rates and thus affect population dynamics. |
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0008-4301 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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71 |
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