| Records |
| Author |
Miller, M.W. |
| Title |
Apparent Effects of Light Pollution on Singing Behavior of American Robins |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
The Condor |
Abbreviated Journal |
Condor |
| Volume |
108 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
130 |
| Keywords |
American Robin; birds; light pollution; morning chorus; dawn chorus; song; Turdus migratorius; animals; communication |
| Abstract |
Astronomers consider light pollution to be a growing problem, however few studies have addressed potential effects of light pollution on wildlife. Sunlight is believed to initiate song in many bird species. If light initiates song, then light pollution may be influencing avian song behavior at a population level. This hypothesis predicts that birds breeding in areas with large amounts of artificial light will begin singing earlier in the day than birds in areas with little artificial light. Birds in highly illuminated areas might begin singing earlier than did birds in those same areas in previous years when artificial light levels were known to be, or were presumably, lower. Also, birds should begin singing earlier within a site on brightly lit nights. In 2002 and 2003 I documented initiation of morning song by breeding American Robins (Turdus migratorius) in areas with differing intensity of artificial nocturnal light. I compared my observations among sites and against historical studies. Robin populations in areas with large amounts of artificial light frequently began their morning chorus during true night. Chorus initiation time, relative to civil twilight, was positively correlated with amount of artificial light present during true night. Robin choruses in areas with little, or presumably little, artificial light have almost never begun during true night, instead appearing to track the onset of civil twilight. Proliferation of artificial nocturnal light may be strongly affecting singing behavior of American Robins at a population level. |
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0010-5422 |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
39 |
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| Author |
Baker, B.J.; Richardson, J.M.L. |
| Title |
The effect of artificial light on male breeding-season behaviour in green frogs,Rana clamitans melanota |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Canadian Journal of Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Can. J. Zool. |
| Volume |
84 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1528-1532 |
| Keywords |
animals; amphibians; frogs; green frogs; Rana clamitans melanota; Reproduction; reproductive strategies |
| Abstract |
Artificial night lighting (or ecological light pollution) is only now gaining attention as a source of long-term effects on the ecology of both diurnal and nocturnal animals. The limited data available clearly indicate that artificial light can affect physiology and behaviour of animals, leading to ecological consequences at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. Aquatic ecosystems may be particularly vulnerable to such effects, and nocturnally breeding animals such as frogs may be especially affected. To address this potential, we quantify the effects of artificial light on calling and movement behaviour in a rural population of male green frogs (Rana clamitans melanota (Rafinesque, 1820)) during the breeding season. When exposed to artificial light, frogs produced fewer advertisement calls and moved more frequently than under ambient light conditions. Results clearly demonstrate that male green frog behaviour is affected by the presence of artificial light in a manner that has the potential to reduce recruitment rates and thus affect population dynamics. |
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0008-4301 |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
71 |
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| Author |
Sella, K.N.; Salmon, M.; Witherington, B.E. |
| Title |
Filtered Streetlights Attract Hatchling Marine Turtles |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Chelonian Conservation and Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chelonian Conservation and Biology |
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
255-261 |
| Keywords |
Reptilia; Testudines; Cheloniidae; Loggerhead turtle; turtles; marine turtles; reptiles; Caretta caretta; Chelonia mydas; hatchlings; artificial lighting; light “trappingâ€; orientation; seafinding; Florida |
| Abstract |
On many nesting beaches, hatchling marine turtles are exposed to poled street lighting that disrupts their ability to crawl to the sea. Experiments were done to determine how hatchlings responded to street lighting transmitted through 2 filters that excluded the most disruptive wavelengths (those < 530 nm; those < 570 nm). Filtered lighting, however, also attracted the turtles though not as strongly as an unfiltered (high-pressure sodium vapor) lighting. Filtering is therefore of limited utility for light management, especially since other alternatives (such as lowering, shielding, or turning off unnecessary lighting; use of dimmer lights embedded in roadways) are more effective. |
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1071-8443 |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
78 |
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| Author |
Doll, C.N.H.; Muller, J.-P.; Morley, J.G. |
| Title |
Mapping regional economic activity from night-time light satellite imagery |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Ecological Economics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecological Economics |
| Volume |
57 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
75-92 |
| Keywords |
Night-time light satellite imagery; Economic activity; Geographic information; Mapping; Scale |
| Abstract |
The recognition that the elements of the ‘anthropocene’ play a critical role in global change processes means that datasets describing elements of the socio-economic environment are becoming increasingly more desirable. The ability to present these data in a gridded format as opposed to the traditionally reported administrative units is advantageous for incorporation with other environmental datasets. Night-time light remote sensing data has been shown to correlate with national-level figures of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Night-time radiance data is analysed here along with regional economic productivity data for 11 European Union countries along with the United States at a number of sub-national levels. Night-time light imagery was found to correlate with Gross Regional Product (GRP) across a range of spatial scales. Maps of economic activity at 5 km resolution were produced based on the derived relationships. To produce these maps, certain areas had to be excluded due to their anomalously high levels of economic activity for the amount of total radiance present. These areas were treated separately from other areas in the map. These results provide the first detailed examination of night-time light characteristics with respect to local economic activity and highlight issues, which should be considered when undertaking such analysis. |
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0921-8009 |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
124 |
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| Author |
Xavier Kerola, D. |
| Title |
Modelling artificial night-sky brightness with a polarized multiple scattering radiative transfer computer code: Modelling artificial night-sky brightness |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
365 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1295-1299 |
| Keywords |
Skyglow; modeling; radiative transfer; Gauss-Seidel; light pollution; Garstang model |
| Abstract |
As part of an ongoing investigation of radiative effects produced by hazy atmospheres, computational procedures have been developed for use in determining the brightening of the night sky as a result of urban illumination. The downwardly and upwardly directed radiances of multiply scattered light from an offending metropolitan source are computed by a straightforward Gauss-Seidel (G-S) iterative technique applied directly to the integrated form of Chandrasekhar's vectorized radiative transfer equation. Initial benchmark night-sky brightness tests of the present G-S model using fully consistent optical emission and extinction input parameters yield very encouraging results when compared with the double scattering treatment of Garstang, the only full-fledged previously available model. |
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0035-8711 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
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278 |
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