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Ruger, M.; Gordijn, M.C.M.; Beersma, D.G.M.; de Vries, B.; Daan, S. |
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Title |
Time-of-day-dependent effects of bright light exposure on human psychophysiology: comparison of daytime and nighttime exposure |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol |
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Volume |
290 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
R1413-20 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; Adult; Body Temperature/*physiology; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology; Fatigue/*physiopathology; Heart Rate/*physiology; Humans; Hydrocortisone/*blood; *Light; Sleep Stages/*physiology |
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Abstract |
Bright light can influence human psychophysiology instantaneously by inducing endocrine (suppression of melatonin, increasing cortisol levels), other physiological changes (enhancement of core body temperature), and psychological changes (reduction of sleepiness, increase of alertness). Its broad range of action is reflected in the wide field of applications, ranging from optimizing a work environment to treating depressed patients. For optimally applying bright light and understanding its mechanism, it is crucial to know whether its effects depend on the time of day. In this paper, we report the effects of bright light given at two different times of day on psychological and physiological parameters. Twenty-four subjects participated in two experiments (n = 12 each). All subjects were nonsmoking, healthy young males (18-30 yr). In both experiments, subjects were exposed to either bright light (5,000 lux) or dim light <10 lux (control condition) either between 12:00 P.M. and 4:00 P.M. (experiment A) or between midnight and 4:00 A.M. (experiment B). Hourly measurements included salivary cortisol concentrations, electrocardiogram, sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale), fatigue, and energy ratings (Visual Analog Scale). Core body temperature was measured continuously throughout the experiments. Bright light had a time-dependent effect on heart rate and core body temperature; i.e., bright light exposure at night, but not in daytime, increased heart rate and enhanced core body temperature. It had no significant effect at all on cortisol. The effect of bright light on the psychological variables was time independent, since nighttime and daytime bright light reduced sleepiness and fatigue significantly and similarly. |
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Department of Chronobiology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. Melanie.Rueger@med.nyu.edu |
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0363-6119 |
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PMID:16373441 |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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801 |
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Author |
Reiter, R.J.; Gultekin, F.; Manchester, L.C.; Tan, D.-X. |
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Title |
Light pollution, melatonin suppression and cancer growth |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Pineal Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Pineal Res |
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Volume |
40 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
357-358 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; Animals; Cell Division; Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; *Light; Melatonin/*antagonists & inhibitors; Neoplasms/*pathology; Rats |
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0742-3098 |
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PMID:16635025 |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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798 |
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Author |
Moser, M.; Schaumberger, K.; Schernhammer, E.; Stevens, R.G. |
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Title |
Cancer and rhythm |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
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Cancer Causes & Control : CCC |
Abbreviated Journal |
Cancer Causes Control |
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17 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
483-487 |
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Human Health; Animals; Breast Neoplasms/etiology/physiopathology/prevention & control; Chronobiology Phenomena; Chronotherapy; *Circadian Rhythm; Humans; Life Style; Melatonin/metabolism; Neoplasms/etiology/*physiopathology/prevention & control/therapy; Risk Factors |
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0957-5243 |
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PMID:16596301 |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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786 |
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Jasser, S.A.; Blask, D.E.; Brainard, G.C. |
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Title |
Light during darkness and cancer: relationships in circadian photoreception and tumor biology |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Cancer Causes & Control : CCC |
Abbreviated Journal |
Cancer Causes Control |
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17 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
515-523 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; Animals; *Circadian Rhythm; *Darkness; Humans; *Light; Light Signal Transduction; Melatonin/physiology/secretion; Neoplasms/etiology/pathology/*physiopathology; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/physiology |
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The relationship between circadian phototransduction and circadian-regulated processes is poorly understood. Melatonin, commonly a circadian phase marker, may play a direct role in a myriad of physiologic processes. The circadian rhythm for pineal melatonin secretion is regulated by the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Its neural source of light input is a unique subset of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells expressing melanopsin, the primary circadian photopigment in rodents and primates. Action spectra of melatonin suppression by light have shown that light in the 446-477 nm range, distinct from the visual system's peak sensitivity, is optimal for stimulating the human circadian system. Breast cancer is the oncological disease entity whose relationship to circadian rhythm fluctuations has perhaps been most extensively studied. Empirical data has increasingly supported the hypothesis that higher risk of breast cancer in industrialized countries is partly due to increased exposure to light at night. Studies of tumor biology implicate melatonin as a potential mediator of this effect. Yet, causality between lifestyle factors and circadian tumor biology remains elusive and likely reflects significant variability with physiologic context. Continued rigorous empirical inquiry into the physiology and clinical implications of these habitual, integrated aspects of life is highly warranted at this time. |
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Department of Neurology, Light Research Program, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Suite 507, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. samar.jasser@jefferson.edu |
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0957-5243 |
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PMID:16596305 |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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766 |
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IDA |
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Dark-Sky Park Program |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
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edited by International Dark-Sky Association |
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11 |
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Skyglow |
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