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Ruger, M.; Gordijn, M.C.M.; Beersma, D.G.M.; de Vries, B.; Daan, S. |
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Time-of-day-dependent effects of bright light exposure on human psychophysiology: comparison of daytime and nighttime exposure |
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2006 |
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American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol |
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290 |
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5 |
Pages |
R1413-20 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; Adult; Body Temperature/*physiology; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology; Fatigue/*physiopathology; Heart Rate/*physiology; Humans; Hydrocortisone/*blood; *Light; Sleep Stages/*physiology |
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Bright light can influence human psychophysiology instantaneously by inducing endocrine (suppression of melatonin, increasing cortisol levels), other physiological changes (enhancement of core body temperature), and psychological changes (reduction of sleepiness, increase of alertness). Its broad range of action is reflected in the wide field of applications, ranging from optimizing a work environment to treating depressed patients. For optimally applying bright light and understanding its mechanism, it is crucial to know whether its effects depend on the time of day. In this paper, we report the effects of bright light given at two different times of day on psychological and physiological parameters. Twenty-four subjects participated in two experiments (n = 12 each). All subjects were nonsmoking, healthy young males (18-30 yr). In both experiments, subjects were exposed to either bright light (5,000 lux) or dim light <10 lux (control condition) either between 12:00 P.M. and 4:00 P.M. (experiment A) or between midnight and 4:00 A.M. (experiment B). Hourly measurements included salivary cortisol concentrations, electrocardiogram, sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale), fatigue, and energy ratings (Visual Analog Scale). Core body temperature was measured continuously throughout the experiments. Bright light had a time-dependent effect on heart rate and core body temperature; i.e., bright light exposure at night, but not in daytime, increased heart rate and enhanced core body temperature. It had no significant effect at all on cortisol. The effect of bright light on the psychological variables was time independent, since nighttime and daytime bright light reduced sleepiness and fatigue significantly and similarly. |
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Department of Chronobiology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. Melanie.Rueger@med.nyu.edu |
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English |
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0363-6119 |
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PMID:16373441 |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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801 |
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Author |
Gardner, C. |
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Title |
The use and misuse of coloured light in the urban environment |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Optics & Laser Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Optics & Laser Technology |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
4-6 |
Pages |
366-376 |
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Keywords |
Planning; Society; Psychology |
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The last few years have seen a huge increase in the transfer of coloured architectural lighting, derived from entertainment and theatre, into the urban and exterior environment. Part of the reason for this is that in the last 15 yr or so, there have been a number of important introductions in coloured lighting technology. These have transformed lighting practice, and while their widespread introduction is seen by some as an enrichment of the urban fabric, others see it as presenting considerable dangers, in terms of aesthetics, perception and in terms of civic identity. Its negative effects on the urban environment have been termed ‘colour blight’.
In this paper, the range of coloured lighting technologies is surveyed and other causes for the increase in coloured lighting are also discussed, together with the problems and benefits involved. Finally, some tentative means are put forward for resolving the problems caused by ‘colour blight’. Current good practice is illustrated by the author's own experience, including his consultancy's participation in a number of urban lighting strategies in the UK and elsewhere. This work involves implementation of a comprehensive lighting plan for the historic city of York, as part of the Urban Lighting Group consortium of three lighting design practices. |
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0030-3992 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2183 |
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Baker, B.J.; Richardson, J.M.L. |
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Title |
The effect of artificial light on male breeding-season behaviour in green frogs,Rana clamitans melanota |
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2006 |
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Canadian Journal of Zoology |
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Can. J. Zool. |
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84 |
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10 |
Pages |
1528-1532 |
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animals; amphibians; frogs; green frogs; Rana clamitans melanota; Reproduction; reproductive strategies |
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Artificial night lighting (or ecological light pollution) is only now gaining attention as a source of long-term effects on the ecology of both diurnal and nocturnal animals. The limited data available clearly indicate that artificial light can affect physiology and behaviour of animals, leading to ecological consequences at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. Aquatic ecosystems may be particularly vulnerable to such effects, and nocturnally breeding animals such as frogs may be especially affected. To address this potential, we quantify the effects of artificial light on calling and movement behaviour in a rural population of male green frogs (Rana clamitans melanota (Rafinesque, 1820)) during the breeding season. When exposed to artificial light, frogs produced fewer advertisement calls and moved more frequently than under ambient light conditions. Results clearly demonstrate that male green frog behaviour is affected by the presence of artificial light in a manner that has the potential to reduce recruitment rates and thus affect population dynamics. |
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0008-4301 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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71 |
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Author |
Habib, A.; Pullivelli, A.; Mitishita, E.; Ghanma, M.; Kim, E.-M. |
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Title |
Stability analysis of low-cost digital cameras for aerial mapping using different georeferencing techniques. |
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2006 |
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The Photogrammetric Record |
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21 |
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113 |
Pages |
29–43 |
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Remote Sensing |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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944 |
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Fouquet, R.; Pearson, P.J. |
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Seven centuries of energy services: The price and use of light in the United Kingdom (1300-2000) |
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2006 |
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Energy Journal |
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27 |
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139-177 |
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Keywords |
Energy; Economics |
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Abstract |
Before the mid-eighteenth century, most people lived in near-complete
darkness except in the presence of sunlight and moonlight. Since then, the provision
of artificial light has been revolutionised by a series of innovations in appliances,
fuels, infrastructures and institutions that have enabled the growing demands of
economic development for artificial light to be met at dramatically lower costs:
by the year 2000, while United Kingdom GDP per capita was 15 times its 1800
value, lighting services cost less than one three thousandth of their 1800 value,
per capita use was 6,500 times greater and total lighting consumption was 25,000
times higher than in 1800. The economic history of light shows how focussing on
developments in energy service provision rather than simply on energy use and
prices can reveal the ‘true’ declines in costs, enhanced levels of consumption
and welfare gains that have been achieved. While emphasising the value of past
experience, the paper also warns against the dangers of over-reliance on past
trends for the long-run forecasting of energy consumption given the potential for the
introduction of new technologies and fuels, and for rebound and saturation effects. |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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