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Author  |
Fuller, G. (ed) | ||||
| Title | The Night Shift: Lighting and Nocturnal Strepsirrhine Care in Zoos | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | zoos; light at night; circadian disruption; strepsirrhines; primates; lorises; pottos; lighting design | ||||
| Abstract | Over billions of years of evolution, light from the sun, moon, and stars has provided organisms with reliable information about the passage of time. Photic cues entrain the circadian system, allowing animals to perform behaviors critical for survival and reproduction at optimal times. Modern artificial lighting has drastically altered environmental light cues. Evidence is accumulating that exposure to light at night (particularly blue wavelengths) from computer screens, urban light pollution, or as an occupational hazard of night-shift work has major implications for human health. Nocturnal animals are the shift workers of zoos; they are generally housed on reversed light cycles so that daytime visitors can observe their active behaviors. As a result, they are exposed to artificial light throughout their subjective night. The goal of this investigation was to examine critically the care of nocturnal strepsirrhine primates in North American zoos, focusing on lorises (Loris and Nycticebus spp.) and pottos (Perodicticus potto). The general hypothesis was that exhibit lighting design affects activity patterns and circadian physiology in nocturnal strepsirrhines. The first specific aim was to assess the status of these populations. A multi-institutional husbandry survey revealed little consensus among zoos in lighting design, with both red and blue light commonly used for nocturnal illumination. A review of medical records also revealed high rates of neonate mortality. The second aim was to develop methods for measuring the effects of exhibit lighting on behavior and health. The use of actigraphy for automated activity monitoring was explored. Methods were also developed for measuring salivary melatonin and cortisol as indicators of circadian disruption. Finally, a multi-institutional study was conducted comparing behavioral and endocrine responses to red and blue dark phase lighting. These results showed greater activity levels in strepsirrhines housed under red light than blue. Salivary melatonin concentrations in pottos suggested that blue light suppressed nocturnal melatonin production at higher intensities, but evidence for circadian disruption was equivocal. These results add to the growing body of evidence on the detrimental effects of blue light at night and are a step towards empirical recommendations for nocturnal lighting design in zoos. |
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| Address | Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | Fuller, G. | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 327 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author |
Gallaway, T.; Olsen, R.N.; Mitchell, D.M. | ||||
| Title | Blinded by the Light: Economic Analysis of Severe Light Pollution | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Journal of Economic Insight | Abbreviated Journal | J Econ Insight |
| Volume | 39 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 45-63 |
| Keywords | Economics; light pollution | ||||
| Abstract | This paper examines severe light pollution such as commonly found in large urban areas. Light pollution is the unintended negative consequences of poorly designed and injudiciously used artificial lighting. Light pollution generates significant costs including wasted energy and damage to human health, wildlife, recreation, and the beauty of the night sky. Typically, light-pollution models emphasize population density and ignore economic factors. Economic analysis of the issue has been singularly limited. Previous economic research has focused on widespread, but very low levels of light pollution. This paper makes a unique contribution by analyzing economic factors of severe light pollution. The paper utilizes economic data from the World Bank and unique remote sensing data for 184 countries to quantify the economic causes of severe light pollution. Fractional logit models confirm the importance of population and economic factors alike. | ||||
| Address | Department of Economics, Missouri State University; TerrelGallaway(at)missouristate.edu | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Missouri Valley Economic Association | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0361-6576 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 2338 | ||
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| Author |
Gaston, K.J. | ||||
| Title | Sustainability: A green light for efficiency | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 497 | Issue | 7451 | Pages | 560-561 |
| Keywords | Editorial; Animals; Atmosphere/chemistry; Carbon Dioxide/analysis; Circadian Rhythm/physiology; Conservation of Energy Resources/economics/*methods/*trends; Global Warming/prevention & control; Humans; Lighting/*economics/instrumentation/statistics & numerical data/*trends; Public Health | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK. k.j.gaston@exeter.ac.uk | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0028-0836 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:23719447 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ | Serial | 459 | ||
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| Author |
Gaston, K.J.; Bennie, J.; Davies, T.W.; Hopkins, J. | ||||
| Title | The ecological impacts of nighttime light pollution: a mechanistic appraisal | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society | Abbreviated Journal | Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc |
| Volume | 88 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 912-927 |
| Keywords | dark; information; light; moonlight; night; pollution; resources; rhythms; time | ||||
| Abstract | The ecological impacts of nighttime light pollution have been a longstanding source of concern, accentuated by realized and projected growth in electrical lighting. As human communities and lighting technologies develop, artificial light increasingly modifies natural light regimes by encroaching on dark refuges in space, in time, and across wavelengths. A wide variety of ecological implications of artificial light have been identified. However, the primary research to date is largely focused on the disruptive influence of nighttime light on higher vertebrates, and while comprehensive reviews have been compiled along taxonomic lines and within specific research domains, the subject is in need of synthesis within a common mechanistic framework. Here we propose such a framework that focuses on the cross-factoring of the ways in which artificial lighting alters natural light regimes (spatially, temporally, and spectrally), and the ways in which light influences biological systems, particularly the distinction between light as a resource and light as an information source. We review the evidence for each of the combinations of this cross-factoring. As artificial lighting alters natural patterns of light in space, time and across wavelengths, natural patterns of resource use and information flows may be disrupted, with downstream effects to the structure and function of ecosystems. This review highlights: (i) the potential influence of nighttime lighting at all levels of biological organisation (from cell to ecosystem); (ii) the significant impact that even low levels of nighttime light pollution can have; and (iii) the existence of major research gaps, particularly in terms of the impacts of light at population and ecosystem levels, identification of intensity thresholds, and the spatial extent of impacts in the vicinity of artificial lights. | ||||
| Address | Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, U.K | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0006-3231 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:23565807 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | IDA @ john @ | Serial | 14 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author |
Ge, A.; Du, Z.; Wang, W.; Qiu, P.; Wang, J.; Cai, J.; Song, X. | ||||
| Title | A composite optical system for a LED based headlamp low beam module | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Lighting Research and Technology | Abbreviated Journal | Lighting Research and Technology |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 752-757 |
| Keywords | Lighting | ||||
| Abstract | In this paper, we propose a composite optical system for automotive headlamps. The system is composed of a paraboloid collimating reflector, an off-axis paraboloid reflector, a baffle and an imaging len. By using a LED as the light source, precise light distribution can be achieved. When making ray-tracing simulation for the composite optical system in TracePro, a clear cut-off line can be seen on the measuring screen, as well as a hotspot at the centre. The power consumption for the LED light sources in this system is less than 10 W, resulting in an energy efficiency of more than 58% and a maximum illumination of 26.76 lux at the centre hotspot. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1477-1535 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | LoNNe @ kagoburian @ | Serial | 632 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||