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| Author | Kayaba, M.; Iwayama, K.; Ogata, H.; Seya, Y.; Tokuyama, K.; Satoh, M. | ||||
| Title | Drowsiness and low energy metabolism in the following morning induced by nocturnal blue light exposure | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Sleep Medicine | Abbreviated Journal | Sleep Medicine |
| Volume | 14 | Issue | Pages | e166-e167 | |
| Keywords | blue light; light exposure; light at night; circadian disruption; drowsiness; melatonin; metabolism; sleep | ||||
| Abstract | Introduction Evening light exposure debilitates the circadian rhythm and elicits sleep disturbance. Blue light peak wavelengths, around 460 nm, suppress melatonin secretion via the non-image-forming system. The effects of nocturnal blue light exposure on sleep have been reported to be specific but rather small (Münch, 2008). This study was designed to assess the effect of nocturnal blue light exposure on sleep and energy metabolism until noon the next day. Materials and methods Nine healthy male volunteers aged between 21 and 25 participated in this study which had a balanced cross-over design with intrasubject comparisons. After 2 h dark adaptation, the subjects were exposed to blue light or no light for 2 h. The peak wavelength of the blue LED was 465 nm, and the horizontal irradiance of the blue light at the height of eye was at 7.02fÊW/cm2. Sleep was recorded polysomnographically, and energy metabolism was measured with a whole body indirect calorimeter. Results There were no significant differences in sleep architecture and energy metabolism during the night. However, dozing (stages 1 and 2) was significantly higher (26.0 < 29.4 vs 6.3 < 8.1 min, P < 0.05), and energy expenditure, O2 consumption, CO2 production and the thermic effect of food (increase in energy expenditure after breakfast) were significantly lower the following morning in the blue light exposure subjects. Conclusion Contrary to our expectation, sleep architecture and energy metabolism during sleep were not affected by evening exposure to blue light. It might be due to our milder intervention by which subjects in a sitting position did not gaze at the light source set on the ceiling, while the subjects in previous studies directly received brighter light via custom built goggles (Cajochen, 2005; Münch, 2008) or gazed at a light source under the influence of mydriatic agents to dilate pupils (Brainard, 2001). New findings of the present study were that dozing (stages 1 and 2) was significantly increased, and energy metabolism was significantly lower the following morning in blue light exposed subjects. This suggests that modulation of the circadian rhythm is affected by nocturnal blue light exposure and the effect continues in the following daytime even if the intervention was mild. |
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| Address | University of Tsukuba, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Japan | ||||
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| ISSN | 1389-9457 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number  |
IDA @ john @ | Serial | 349 | ||
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| Author | Smith, S.D.P.; McIntyre, P.B.; Halpern, B.S.; Cooke, R.M.; Marino, A.L.; Boyer, G.L.; Buchsbaum, A.; Burton, J., G. Allen; Campbell, L.M.; Ciborowski, J.J.H.; Doran, P.J.; Infante, D.M.; Johnson, L.B.; Read, J.G.; Rose, J.B.; Rutherford, E.S.; Steinman, A.D.; Allan, J.D. | ||||
| Title | Rating impacts in a multi-stressor world: a quantitative assessment of 50 stressors affecting the Great Lakes | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Ecological Applications | Abbreviated Journal | Ecological Applications |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 140915094202006 | ||
| Keywords | Great Lakes; limnology; light pollution; environment; stressor; ecology | ||||
| Abstract | Ecosystems often experience multiple environmental stressors simultaneously that differ widely in their pathways and strengths of impact. Differences in relative impact can guide restoration and management prioritization, but few studies have empirically assessed a comprehensive suite of stressors acting on a given ecosystem. To fill this gap in the Laurentian Great Lakes, where considerable restoration investments are currently underway, we used expert elicitation via a detailed online survey to develop ratings of the relative impacts of 50 potential stressors. Highlighting the multiplicity of stressors in this system, experts assessed all 50 stressors to have some impact on ecosystem condition, but ratings differed greatly among stressors. Individual stressors related to invasive and nuisance species (e.g., dreissenid mussels and ballast invasion risk) and climate change were assessed as having the greatest potential impacts. These results mark a shift away from the longstanding emphasis on nonpoint phosphorus and persistent bioaccumulative toxic substances in the Great Lakes. Differences in impact ratings among lakes and ecosystem zones were weak, and experts exhibited surprisingly high levels of agreement on the relative impacts of most stressors. Our results provide a basin-wide, quantitative summary of expert opinion on the present-day influence of all major Great Lakes stressors. The resulting ratings can facilitate prioritizing stressors to achieve management objectives in a given location, as well as providing a baseline for future stressor impact assessments in the Great Lakes and elsewhere. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1051-0761 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ | Serial | 372 | ||
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| Author | Mace, B.L.; McDaniel, J. | ||||
| Title | Visitor Evaluation of Night Sky Interpretation in Bryce Canyon National Park and Cedar Breaks National Monument | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Journal of Interpretation Research | Abbreviated Journal | J. of Interp. Res. |
| Volume | 18 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 39-57 |
| Keywords | parks; interpretation; social studies; Bryce Canyon National Park; Cedar Breaks National Monument; dark skies | ||||
| Abstract | Natural lightscapes are an important resource for parks and protected areas, including Bryce Canyon National Park and Cedar Breaks National Monument. Both locations offer night sky interpretive programs, attracting over 27,000 visitors annually, equaling all other interpretive programs combined. Parks need to understand what drives visitor interest and park managers need to assess if night sky interpretation is meeting expectations. A total of 1,179 night and day visitors to Bryce Canyon National Park and Cedar Breaks National Monument served as participants and completed a 36-item survey measuring knowledge, attitudes, benefits, and behaviors related to the night sky. Results show those who attended a night sky interpretive program gained a significant amount of knowledge about night sky issues. Both day and night visitors have strongly held attitudes about light pollution and the protection of the night sky in national parks. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT 84720 USA | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ | Serial | 374 | ||
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| Author | Shapira, I.; Walker, E.; Brunton, D.H.; Raubenheimer, D. | ||||
| Title | Responses to direct versus indirect cues of predation and competition in naϊve invasive mice: implications for management | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | New Zealand Journal of Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | NZ J. of Ecol. |
| Volume | 37 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 33-40 |
| Keywords | Animals; Mus musculus; mice; New Zealand; foraging; moonlight; giving-up density; GUD; moon phase | ||||
| Abstract | Many populations of invasive mice Mus musculus in New Zealand have experienced the removal of mammalian predators and competitors, with the consequence of mouse population irruptions. The effects of these removals on mouse foraging are largely unknown, yet this information is essential for developing and implementing better mouse control. We investigated the effects of direct and indirect predatory cues on foraging of free-ranging mice at a site where mammalian predators were eradicated 5 years previously. We used 17 stations, each containing four trays of millet seeds mixed thoroughly in sand, with three unfamiliar mammalian (a predator, a competitor, and a herbivore) odour treatments and a control (water), during the four phases of the moon. We measured mouse selectivity for treatment/control trays, giving-up densities (GUDs, a measure of food consumption), and tray encounter rates. Foraging by mice was not affected by odour cues from any of the unfamiliar mammals. Moonlight intensity, however, affected mouse foraging, with higher GUDs being recorded on brighter moon phases (full and waxing > new and waning) during the first night of the trials. This effect was less pronounced during the second night. Resource encounter rates were also affected, with the proportion of trays foraged lower during the brighter phases of the moon on both the first and second nights. We suggest that coordinating management efforts according to the phases of the moon has the potential to improve mouse control and reduce bait wastage. | ||||
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| ISSN | 01106465 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ | Serial | 1364 | ||
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| Author | Ciocca, M.; Wang, J. | ||||
| Title | By the light of the silvery Moon: fact and fiction | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Physics Education | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Educ. |
| Volume | 48 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 360-367 |
| Keywords | Vision; moonlight; Purkinje effect; Purkinje shift; mesopic | ||||
| Abstract | Is moonlight 'silver' or 'cold'? In this paper we discuss the interesting combination of factors that contribute to the common descriptions of moonlight. Sunlight is reflected from the lunar surface and red-shifted. When traversing the atmosphere, moonlight is further depleted of short wavelength content by Rayleigh scattering. We measured the spectra of the moonlight to show these effects and compared them with sunlight. All measurements, including spectral reflectance, suggest that moonlight is redder than sunlight. The silvery Moon is just an illusion due to the properties and behaviour of our own eyes, including the responses of rods and cones and the physiological perceptive phenomenon called Purkinje shift. | ||||
| Address | Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY, USA E-mail: marco.ciocca(at)eku.edu | ||||
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| Publisher | IOP | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
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| ISSN | 0031-9120 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ | Serial | 2227 | ||
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