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Author |
Jackett, M.; Frith, W. |
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Title |
Quantifying the impact of road lighting on road safety -- A New Zealand Study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
IATSS Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
IATSS Research |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
139-145 |
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Keywords |
Lighting; roadway lighting; road safety; traffic safety; public safety |
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Abstract |
It is well known from the literature that road lighting has significant safety benefits. The NZTA Economic Evaluation Manual (EEM) quotes a 35% reduction in crashes as the effect of upgrading or improving lighting where lighting is poor.
However, no well-established dose–response relationship to lighting parameters exists from which one can deduce benchmark levels of lighting for safety.
This study looked at a sample of street lighting installations spread over the urban areas of nine territorial local authorities. Standard street lighting parameters were measured in the field using a variety of instruments including illuminance meter, luminance meter and digital camera. Field measurements were related to the ratio of night-time to day time crashes as a measure of night time safety vis-a-vis daytime safety.
A statistically significant dose–response relationship was found between average road luminance and safety across all traffic volume groups, with an indication that the relationship may be stronger where more serious crashes are involved.
Threshold increment was also a significant variable but not so longitudinal uniformity or overall uniformity.
The results related to luminance will allow practitioners to better estimate the safety benefits of different levels of lighting resulting in better targeting of expenditure. |
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Address |
Jackett Consulting, Lower Hutt, New Zealand; jackett(at)paradise.net.nz |
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Elsevier |
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English |
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English |
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0386-1112 |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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638 |
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Author |
Ge, A.; Du, Z.; Wang, W.; Qiu, P.; Wang, J.; Cai, J.; Song, X. |
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Title |
A composite optical system for a LED based headlamp low beam module |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Lighting Research and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Research and Technology |
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Volume |
45 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
752-757 |
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Keywords |
Lighting |
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Abstract |
In this paper, we propose a composite optical system for automotive headlamps. The system is composed of a paraboloid collimating reflector, an off-axis paraboloid reflector, a baffle and an imaging len. By using a LED as the light source, precise light distribution can be achieved. When making ray-tracing simulation for the composite optical system in TracePro, a clear cut-off line can be seen on the measuring screen, as well as a hotspot at the centre. The power consumption for the LED light sources in this system is less than 10 W, resulting in an energy efficiency of more than 58% and a maximum illumination of 26.76 lux at the centre hotspot. |
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1477-1535 |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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632 |
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Author |
Elejoste, P.; Angulo, I.; Perallos, A.; Chertudi, A.; Zuazola, I.J.G.; Moreno, A.; Azpilicueta, L.; Astrain, J.J.; Falcone, F.; Villadangos, J. |
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Title |
An easy to deploy street light control system based on wireless communication and LED technology |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sensors (Basel) |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
6492-6523 |
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Keywords |
Lighting |
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Abstract |
This paper presents an intelligent streetlight management system based on LED lamps, designed to facilitate its deployment in existing facilities. The proposed approach, which is based on wireless communication technologies, will minimize the cost of investment of traditional wired systems, which always need civil engineering for burying of cable underground and consequently are more expensive than if the connection of the different nodes is made over the air. The deployed solution will be aware of their surrounding's environmental conditions, a fact that will be approached for the system intelligence in order to learn, and later, apply dynamic rules. The knowledge of real time illumination needs, in terms of instant use of the street in which it is installed, will also feed our system, with the objective of providing tangible solutions to reduce energy consumption according to the contextual needs, an exact calculation of energy consumption and reliable mechanisms for preventive maintenance of facilities. |
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Address |
Deusto Institute of Technology (DeustoTech), University of Deusto, Bilbao 48007, Spain. perallos@deusto.es |
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1424-8220 |
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PMID:23681092; PMCID:PMC3690067 |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
Serial |
631 |
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Author |
Bullough, J.D.; Donnell, E.T.; Rea, M.S. |
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Title |
To illuminate or not to illuminate: roadway lighting as it affects traffic safety at intersections |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Accident; Analysis and Prevention |
Abbreviated Journal |
Accid Anal Prev |
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Volume |
53 |
Issue |
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Pages |
65-77 |
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Keywords |
Lighting; Accident Prevention/*methods; Accidents, Traffic/*prevention & control/psychology/statistics & numerical data; Cross-Sectional Studies; *Environment Design; Humans; *Lighting; Minnesota; Models, Statistical; Photoperiod; Psychomotor Performance; Regression Analysis; Safety/statistics & numerical data; Visual Perception |
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A two-pronged effort to quantify the impact of lighting on traffic safety is presented. In the statistical approach, the effects of lighting on crash frequency for different intersection types in Minnesota were assessed using count regression models. The models included many geometric and traffic control variables to estimate the association between lighting and nighttime and daytime crashes and the resulting night-to-day crash ratios. Overall, the presence of roadway intersection lighting was found to be associated with an approximately 12% lower night-to-day crash ratio than unlighted intersections. In the parallel analytical approach, visual performance analyses based on roadway intersection lighting practices in Minnesota were made for the same intersection types investigated in the statistical approach. The results of both approaches were convergent, suggesting that visual performance improvements from roadway lighting could serve as input for predicting improvements in crash frequency. A provisional transfer function allows transportation engineers to evaluate alternative lighting systems in the design phase so selections based on expected benefits and costs can be made. |
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Address |
Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 21 Union Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA |
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0001-4575 |
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Notes |
PMID:23377085 |
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no |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
Serial |
627 |
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Author |
Taylor, P.; Nimkingrat, P.; Strauch, O.; Ehlers, R.; Kiel, C. |
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Title |
Biocontrol Science and Technology Hybridisation and genetic selection for improving desiccation tolerance of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Pages |
37–41 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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622 |
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