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| Author | Hasler, B.P. | ||||
| Title | Commentary on Bedroom Light Exposure at Night and the Incidence of Depressive Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study of the HEIJOKYO Cohort (Obayashi et al) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | American Journal of Epidemiology | Abbreviated Journal  |
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| Volume | 187 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 435-438 |
| Keywords | Commentary; Human Health | ||||
| Abstract | In modern society, we are increasingly disconnected from natural light/dark cycles and beset by round-the-clock exposure to artificial light. Light has powerful effects on physical and mental health, in part via the circadian system, and thus the timing of light exposure dictates whether it is helpful or harmful. In their compelling paper, Obayashi and colleagues offer evidence that light at night can prospectively predict an elevated incidence of depressive symptoms in older adults. Strengths of the study include the longitudinal design and direct, objective assessment of light levels, as well as accounting for multiple plausible confounders during analyses. Follow-up studies should address the study's limitations, including reliance on a global self-report of sleep quality and a two-night assessment of light exposure that may not reliably represent typical light exposure. In addition, experimental studies including physiological circadian measures will be necessary to determine if the light effects on depression are mediated through the circadian system or are so-called “direct†effects of light. In any case, these exciting findings could inform novel new approaches to preventing depressive disorders in older adults. | ||||
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| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| ISSN | 0002-9262 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | LoNNe @ kyba @ | Serial | 1716 | ||
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| Author | Obayashi, K.; Saeki, K.; Kurumatani, N. | ||||
| Title | Obayashi et al. Respond to “Light at Night Predicts Depression—What Next?” | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | American Journal of Epidemiology | Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume | 187 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 439-440 |
| Keywords | Commentary; Human Health | ||||
| Abstract | Our research includes some strengths and limitations. The most important strength is objective measurement of light at night (LAN) intensity using a bedside light meter. Most previous studies evaluating the association between LAN and health outcomes have assessed indoor LAN levels using a self-reported questionnaire or outdoor LAN levels using satellite data; however, self-reported indoor LAN levels has not yet been validated with objective measurement and outdoor LAN levels are surrogates for an individual LAN exposure. The second strength of our study includes its longitudinal design using multivariable methods to adjust for confounders, which indicated LAN exposure may be a cause of the incidence of depressive symptoms. Indeed, the depressive score evaluated by questionnaires may be above or below the cut-off value over the short term; therefore, a long-term study considering such unstable outcomes should be conducted. In the current study, LAN exposure was measured for only two nights; thus, an amplitude of LAN intensity has been focused. However, multiple measurements over time in the future study would allow an analysis of fluctuations in LAN exposure, which might be important for circadian physiology. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0002-9262 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | LoNNe @ kyba @ | Serial | 1717 | ||
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| Author | Miroslav Kocifaj | ||||
| Title | Towards a Comprehensive City Emission Function (CCEF) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | in press | Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume | 205 | Issue | Pages | 253-266 | |
| Keywords | Lighting; Skyglow | ||||
| Abstract | The comprehensive city emission function (CCEF) is developed for a heterogeneous light-emitting or blocking urban environments, embracing any combination of input parameters that characterize linear dimensions in the system (size and distances between buildings or luminaires), properties of light-emitting elements (such as luminous building façades and street lighting), ground reflectance and total uplight-fraction, all of these defined for an arbitrarily sized 2D area. The analytical formula obtained is not restricted to a single model class as it can capture any specific light-emission feature for wide range of cities. The CCEF method is numerically fast in contrast to what can be expected of other probabilistic approaches that rely on repeated random sampling. Hence the present solution has great potential in light-pollution modeling and can be included in larger numerical models. Our theoretical findings promise great progress in light-pollution modeling as this is the first time an analytical solution to city emission function (CEF) has been developed that depends on statistical mean size and height of city buildings, inter-building separation, prevailing heights of light fixtures, lighting density, and other factors such as e.g. luminaire light output and light distribution, including the amount of uplight, and representative city size. The model is validated for sensitivity and specificity pertinent to combinations of input parameters in order to test its behavior under various conditions, including those that can occur in complex urban environments. It is demonstrated that the solution model succeeds in reproducing a light emission peak at some elevated zenith angles and is consistent with reduced rather than enhanced emission in directions nearly parallel to the ground. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | LoNNe @ kyba @ | Serial | 1757 | ||
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| Author | S Fotios, J Uttley | ||||
| Title | Illuminance required to detect a pavement obstacle of critical size | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Lighting Research & Technology | Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume | 50 | Issue | Pages | 390-404 | |
| Keywords | Vision; Lighting | ||||
| Abstract | This paper investigates the illuminance needed to detect trip hazards for pedestrians walking after dark. In previous work, it was assumed that the critical obstacle height is 25 mm: further review of accident data and foot clearance data suggests instead that 10 mm is the critical height. Eye tracking records suggest a tendency for obstacles to be detected approximately 3.4 m ahead. Interpretation of obstacle detection data suggests horizontal photopic illuminances of up to 0.9 lux are required for peripheral detection of a 10 mm obstacle 3.4 m ahead, according to the scotopic/photopic ratio of the lighting and the age of the observer. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | LoNNe @ kyba @ | Serial | 1765 | ||
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| Author | Zachary M. Cravens, Veronica A. Brown, Timothy J. Divoll, Justin G. Boyles | ||||
| Title | Illuminating prey selection in an insectivorous bat community, exposed to artificial light at night | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Journal of Applied Ecology | Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume | 55 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 705-713 |
| Keywords | Animals; Ecology | ||||
| Abstract | 1.Light pollution has been increasing around the globe and threatens to disturb natural rhythms of wildlife species. Artificial light impacts the behaviour of insectivorous bats in numerous ways, including foraging behaviour, which may in turn lead to altered prey selection. 2.In a manipulative field experiment, we collected faecal samples from six species of insectivorous bats in naturally dark and artificially lit conditions, and identified prey items using molecular methods to investigate effects of light pollution on prey selection. 3.Proportional differences of identified prey were not consistent and appeared to be species specific. Red bats, little brown bats, and gray bats exhibited expected increases in moths at lit sites. Beetle-specialist big brown bats had a sizeable increase in beetle consumption around lights, while tri-colored bats and evening bats showed little change in moth consumption between experimental conditions. Dietary overlap was high between experimental conditions within each species, and dietary breadth only changed significantly between experimental conditions in one species, the little brown bat. 4.Policy implications. Our results, building on others, demonstrate that bat-insect interactions may be more nuanced than the common assertion that moth consumption increases around lights. They highlight the need for a greater mechanistic understanding of bat-light interactions to predict which species will be most affected by light pollution. Given differences in bat and insect communities, we advocate biologists, land stewards, and civil planners work collaboratively to determine lighting solutions that minimize changes in foraging behaviour of species in the local bat community. Such efforts may allow stakeholders to more effectively craft management strategies to minimize unnatural shifts in prey selection caused by artificial lights. |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | LoNNe @ kyba @ | Serial | 1783 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||