| Records |
| Author |
Levin, N.; Ali, S.; Crandall, D. |
| Title |
Utilizing remote sensing and big data to quantify conflict intensity: The Arab Spring as a case study |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Applied Geography |
Abbreviated Journal  |
Applied Geography |
| Volume |
94 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-17 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing; Society; Human Health |
| Abstract |
Tracking global and regional conflict zones requires spatially explicit information in near real-time. Here, we examined the potential of remote sensing time-series data (night lights) and big data (data mining of news events and Flickr photos) for monitoring and understanding crisis development and refugee flows. We used the recent Arab Spring as a case study, and examined temporal trends in monthly time series of variables which we hypothesized to indicate conflict intensity, covering all Arab countries. Both Flickr photos and night-time lights proved as sensitive indicators for loss of economic and human capital, and news items from the Global Data on Events, Location and Tone (GDELT) project on fight events were positively correlated with actual deaths from conflicts. We propose that big data and remote sensing datasets have potential to provide disaggregated and timely data on conflicts where official statistics are lacking, offering an effective approach for monitoring geopolitical and environmental changes on Earth. |
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0143-6228 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1918 |
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Tan, M.; Li, X.; Li, S.; Xin, L.; Wang, X.; Li, Q.; Li, W.; Li, Y.; Xiang, W. |
| Title |
Modeling population density based on nighttime light images and land use data in China |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Applied Geography |
Abbreviated Journal |
Applied Geography |
| Volume |
90 |
Issue |
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Pages |
239-247 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
Population change is a key variable that influences climate change, ecological construction, soil and water use, and economic growth. Census data are always point data, whereas planar data are often required in scientific research. By using nighttime light (NTL) images and land use data, combined with the fifth and sixth census data of China at the county level, we carried out spatial matching on the population of each county, respectively, and established population density diagrams of China for 2000 and 2010, which had a spatial resolution of 1 × 1 km. The method proposed in this paper is relatively simple and has a high simulation precision. The results showed that during the first ten years of the 21st century, there are some remarkable characteristics in Chinese population spatial pattern change: 1) the “disappearance” of intermediate-density regions; namely, areas with a population density between 500 and 1500 persons/km2 have decreased by 41% during the ten years; 2) continuous growth of high-density regions; namely, areas with a population density of more than 1500 persons/km2 have increased by 76%; 3) an expansion tendency of low-density regions similar to high-density regions. |
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0143-6228 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2481 |
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Yao, Q.; Wang, H.; Uttley, J.; Zhuang, X. |
| Title |
Illuminance Reconstruction of Road Lighting in Urban Areas for Efficient and Healthy Lighting Performance Evaluation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Applied Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Applied Sciences |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1646 |
| Keywords |
Instrumentation; Lighting; Planning |
| Abstract |
Big lighting data are required for evaluation of lighting performance and impacts on human beings, environment, and ecology for smart urban lighting. However, traditional approaches of measuring road lighting cannot achieve this aim. We propose a rule-of-thumb model approach based on some feature points to reconstruct road lighting in urban areas. We validated the reconstructed illuminance with both software simulated and real road lighting scenes, and the average error is between 6 and 19%. This precision is acceptable in practical applications. Using this approach, we reconstructed the illuminance of three real road lighting environments in a block and further estimated the mesopic luminance and melanopic illuminance performance. In the future, by virtue of Geographic Information System technology, the approach may provide big lighting data for evaluation and analysis, and help build smarter urban lighting. |
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2076-3417 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2003 |
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| Author |
Konkal, P.; Ganesh, C.B. |
| Title |
Exposure to low or high light intensity affects pituitary-testicular activity in the fish Oreochromis mossambicus |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Aquaculture |
Abbreviated Journal |
Aquaculture |
| Volume |
497 |
Issue |
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Pages |
109-116 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Light is an important factor for the successful reproduction of most fish. In this investigation, effect of different light intensities on pituitary-testis axis was studied for a period of 21 days, under normal photoperiodic regime in the tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. The mean numbers of spermatogonia (Sg), primary spermatocytes (Ps), secondary spermatocytes (Ss), early spermatids (Est) and late spermatids (Lst) did not show significant difference between fish exposed to moderate light intensity (MLI) and initial controls or controls, whereas the mean numbers of Sg were significantly lower in fish exposed to low light intensity (LLI) compared to those of initial controls, controls and MLI groups. However, the mean numbers of Ps, Ss, Est and Lst were significantly lower in fish exposed to LLI and high light intensity (HLI) compared to those of other experimental groups. Furthermore, in the pituitary gland, weakly immunoreactive luteinizing hormone (LH) secreting cells were observed in the proximal pars distalis (PPD) region in fish exposed to LLI and HLI in contrast to the intense immunolabelling of these cells in initial controls, controls and MLI groups. The androgen receptors showed diminished immunoreactivity in the Sertoli cells along the seminiferous lobules of the testis in fish exposed to LLI and HLI, whereas the strongly immunoreactive androgen receptors were observed in the Sertoli cells in initial controls, controls and MLI groups. Taken together, these results indicate that long-term exposure to low or high light intensity light suppresses spermatogenetic process and that this inhibition is due to reduced secretory activity of LH cells in the pituitary gland and androgen secretion in the testis of the fish O. mossambicus. |
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0044-8486 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1974 |
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| Author |
Jong, M. de; Eertwegh, L. van den; Beskers, R.E.; Vries, P.P. de; Spoelstra, K.; Visser, M.E. |
| Title |
Timing of Avian Breeding in an Urbanised World |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Ardea |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ardea |
| Volume |
106 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
31-38 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
A large part of the world is urbanised, and the process of urbanisation is ongoing. This causes dramatic alterations of species' habitat such as increased night light, sound levels and temperature, along with direct disturbance by human activity. We used eight years of citizen science data from ten common bird species breeding in nest boxes throughout The Netherlands to study the relationship between urbanisation and a key life history trait, timing of breeding. We used nightly light levels in the form of sky brightness and light emission as a proxy for urbanisation as the dramatic change of the night-time environment is a prominent effect of urbanisation. We expected birds to lay earlier in areas with more light at night, i.e. in more urbanised areas. We found, however, no relationship between light levels and seasonal timing in the ten species studied. A limitation of our study is that there was only limited data for the areas that were urbanised most (e.g. inside cities). Most nest box study areas are located in areas with a limited level of urbanisation, and hence with relatively low light levels of light at night. The lack of data on breeding birds in more urbanised environments, which is a rapidly expanding habitat for an increasing number of species worldwide, should be the focus of attention and citizen science would be highly suitable to also provide data for such areas. |
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0373-2266 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1893 |
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