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Kim, Y.J.; Kim, H.M.; Kim, H.M.; Jeong, B.R.; Lee, H.-J.; Kim, H.-J.; Hwang, S.J. |
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Title |
Ice plant growth and phytochemical concentrations are affected by light quality and intensity of monochromatic light-emitting diodes |
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Year |
2018 |
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Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology |
Abbreviated Journal  |
Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. |
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59 |
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4 |
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529-536 |
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Plants |
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The ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.), widely known to be an effective cure for diabetes mellitus, is also a functional crop. This study was conducted to examine the effects of light quality and intensity of monochromatic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on ice plant growth and phytochemical concentrations in a closed-type plant production system. Ice plant seedlings were transplanted into a deep floating technique system with a recycling nutrient solution (EC 4.0 dS m−1, pH 6.5). Fluorescent lamps, as well as monochromatic red (660 nm) and blue (450 nm) LEDs, were used at 120 ± 5 or 150 ± 5 µmol m−2 s−1 PPFD with a photoperiod of 14 h/10 h (light/dark) for 4 weeks. Ice plants showed higher growth under the high light intensity treatment, especially under the red LEDs. Furthermore, the SPAD value and photosynthetic rate were higher under the red LEDs with 150 µmol m−2 s−1 PPFD. The ice plant phytochemical composition, such as antioxidant activity and myo-inositol and pinitol concentrations, were highest under the blue LEDs with 150 µmol m−2 s−1 PPFD. Total phenolic concentration was highest under the blue LEDs with 120 µmol m−2 s−1 PPFD. Despite a slightly different dependence on light intensity, phytochemical concentrations responded positively to the blue LED treatments, as compared to other treatments. In conclusion, this study suggests that red LEDs enhance ice plant biomass, while blue LEDs induce phytochemical |
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2211-3452 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1983 |
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Syposz, M.; Gonçalves, F.; Carty, M.; Hoppitt, W.; Manco, F. |
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Title |
Factors influencing Manx Shearwater grounding on the west coast of Scotland |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Ibis |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ibis |
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160 |
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4 |
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846-854 |
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Animals |
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Grounding of thousands of newly fledged petrels and shearwaters (family Procellariidae) in built‐up areas due to artificial light is a global problem. Due to their anatomy these grounded birds find it difficult to take off from built‐up areas and many fall victim to predation, cars, dehydration or starvation. This research investigated a combination of several factors that may influence the number of Manx Shearwater Puffinus puffinus groundings in a coastal village of Scotland located close to a nesting site for this species. A model was developed that used meteorological variables and moon cycle to predict the daily quantity of birds that were recovered on the ground. The model, explaining 46.32% of the variance of the data, revealed how new moon and strong onshore winds influence grounding. To a lesser extent, visibility conditions can also have an effect on grounding probabilities. The analysis presented in this study can improve rescue campaigns of not only Manx Shearwaters but also other species attracted to the light pollution by predicting conditions leading to an increase in the number of groundings. It could also inform local authorities when artificial light intensity needs to be reduced. |
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0019-1019 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2778 |
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Llido Escriva, D.M.; Torres-Sospedra, J.; Berlanga-Llavori, R. |
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Smart Outdoor Light Desktop Central Management System |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Intell. Transport. Syst. Mag. |
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10 |
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2 |
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58-68 |
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Lighting |
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Light pollution and nature preservation, are new trends in which the European cities are involved as they evolve into Smart Cities. Internet of Things are changing the way that sensors and management control systems are designed and implemented. In this article, our main objective is to present an Outdoor Light Desktop Central Management architecture using current IoT (Internet of Things) and GIS technologies to improve the energy efficiency, user experience and safety feeling at the same time we are going to decrease light pollution of LED lamps. The challenge is to provide a lighting control system to suit each zone, from residential areas and public spaces to industrial parks, and each context. Furthermore, the design of the technological multi-platform able to operate with any kind of electrical device will be useful in the area of outdoor lighting. |
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1939-1390 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1883 |
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Kuffer, M.; Pfeffer, K.; Sliuzas, R.; Taubenbock, H.; Baud, I.; van Maarseveen, M. |
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Capturing the Urban Divide in Nighttime Light Images From the International Space Station |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing |
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IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing |
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11 |
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8 |
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2578-2586 |
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Remote Sensing |
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Earlier studies utilizing coarse resolution DMSP-OLS nighttime light (NTL) imagery suggest a negative correlation between the amount of NTL and urban deprivation. The International Space Station (ISS) NTL images offer higher resolution images compared to DMSP-OLS or VIIRS images, allowing an analysis of intraurban NTL variations. The aim of this study is to examine the capacity of ISS images for analyzing the intraurban divide. NTL images of four cities (one African, two Asian, and one South American) have been processed and analyzed. The results show that deprived areas are generally the darker spots of built-up areas within cities, illustrating the urban divide in terms of access to street lighting. However, differences exist between cities: Deprived areas in the African city (Dar es Salaam) generally feature lower NTL emissions compared to the examined cities in South America (Belo Horizonte) and Asia (Mumbai and Ahmedabad). Beyond, variations exist in NTL emissions across deprived areas within cities. Deprived areas at the periphery show less NTL compared to central areas. Edges of deprived areas have higher NTL emissions compared to internal areas. NTL emission differences between types of deprived areas were detected. The correlation between ISS NTL images and population densities is weak; this can be explained by densely built-up deprived areas having less NTL compared to lower density formal areas. Our findings show ISS data complement other data to capture the urban divide between deprived and better-off areas and the need to consider socioeconomic conditions in estimating populations. |
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1939-1404 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2178 |
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Shlayan, N.; Challapali, K.; Cavalcanti, D.; Oliveira, T.; Yang, Y. |
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A Novel Illuminance Control Strategy for Roadway Lighting Based on Greenshields Macroscopic Traffic Model |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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IEEE Photonics Journal |
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IEEE Photonics J. |
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10 |
Issue |
1 |
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1-11 |
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Lighting; Planning; Economics |
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Most street lights currently deployed have constant illumination levels or vary
based on a predetermined schedule. However, with advances in lighting controls, intelligent transportation systems, and the efforts of transportation agencies at regional and national levels to better sustain and manage the transportation system by monitoring the roadway network, many different types of real-time traffic data are available; which enables the implementation of a traffic responsive outdoor light system. The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) has proposed a class-based lighting control model based on a number of roadway parameters, some of which are traffic related. However, the adaptation of the available traffic data to the existing model is not obvious. In addition, the CIE model can be improved to better reflect traffic characteristics to increase energy efficiency of the overall street lighting system. The intention of this research is to quantify the relationship between real-time traffic, and roadway lighting and to develop a control strategy based on real-time traffic data in order to reduce light energy consumption, enhance safety, and maximize throughput of the roadway. Significant energy savings were observed when the proposed control strategy was implemented in two case studies using available lighting and traffic data for Washington, DC, and Montgomery County, MD, representing urban and rural roadway networks, respectively. |
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1943-0655 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1850 |
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