| Records |
| Author |
Do, Q.-T.; Shapiro, J.N.; Elvidge, C.D.; Abdel-Jelil, M.; Ahn, D.P.; Baugh, K.; Hansen-Lewis, J.; Zhizhin, M.; Bazilian, M.D. |
| Title |
Terrorism, geopolitics, and oil security: Using remote sensing to estimate oil production of the Islamic State |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Energy Research & Social Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Energy Research & Social Science |
| Volume |
44 |
Issue |
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Pages  |
411-418 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing; Economics |
| Abstract |
As the world’s most traded commodity, oil production is typically well monitored and analyzed. It also has established links to geopolitics, international relations, and security. Despite this attention, the illicit production, refining, and trade of oil and derivative products occur all over the world and provide significant revenues outside of the oversight and regulation of governments. A prominent manifestation of this phenomenon is how terrorist and insurgent organizations—including the Islamic State group, also known as ISIL/ISIS or Daesh—use oil as a revenue source. Understanding the spatial and temporal variation in production can help determine the scale of operations, technical capacity, and revenue streams. This information, in turn, can inform both security and reconstruction strategies. To this end, we use satellite multi-spectral imaging and ground-truth pre-war output data to effectively construct a real-time census of oil production in areas controlled by the ISIL terrorist group. More broadly, remotely measuring the activity of extractive industries in conflict-affected areas without reliable administrative data can support a broad range of public policy and decisions and military operations. |
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2214-6296 |
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no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1864 |
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| Author |
Aulsebrook, A.E.; Jones, T.M.; Mulder, R.A.; Lesku, J.A. |
| Title |
Impacts of artificial light at night on sleep: A review and prospectus |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol |
| Volume |
329 |
Issue |
8-9 |
Pages |
409-418 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Human Activities; Review |
| Abstract |
Natural cycles of light and darkness govern the timing of most aspects of animal behavior and physiology. Artificial light at night (ALAN)-a recent and pervasive form of pollution-can mask natural photoperiodic cues and interfere with biological rhythms. One such rhythm vulnerable to perturbation is the sleep-wake cycle. ALAN may greatly influence sleep in humans and wildlife, particularly in animals that sleep predominantly at night. There has been some recent evidence for impacts of ALAN on sleep, but critical questions remain. Some of these can be addressed by adopting approaches already entrenched in sleep research. In this paper, we review the current evidence for impacts of ALAN on sleep, highlight gaps in our understanding, and suggest opportunities for future research. |
| Address |
La Trobe University, School of Life Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
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English |
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2471-5638 |
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PMID:29869374 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1933 |
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| Author |
Russart, K.L.G.; Nelson, R.J. |
| Title |
Artificial light at night alters behavior in laboratory and wild animals |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol |
| Volume |
329 |
Issue |
8-9 |
Pages |
401-408 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Review |
| Abstract |
Life has evolved to internalize and depend upon the daily and seasonal light cycles to synchronize physiology and behavior with environmental conditions. The nightscape has been vastly changed in response to the use of artificial lighting. Wildlife is now often exposed to direct lighting via streetlights or indirect lighting via sky glow at night. Because many activities rely on daily and seasonal light cues, the effects of artificial light at night could be extensive, but remain largely unknown. Laboratory studies suggest exposure to light at night can alter typical timing of daily locomotor activity and shift the timing of foraging/food intake to the daytime in nocturnal rodents. Additionally, nocturnal rodents decrease anxiety-like behaviors (i.e., spend more time in the open and increase rearing up) in response to even dim light at night. These are all likely maladaptive responses in the wild. Photoperiodic animals rely on seasonal changes in day length as a cue to evoke physiological and behavioral modifications to anticipate favorable and unfavorable conditions for survival and reproduction. Light at night can mask detection of short days, inappropriately signal long days, and thus desynchronize seasonal reproductive activities. We review laboratory and the sparse field studies that address the effects of exposure to artificial light at night to propose that exposure to light at night disrupts circadian and seasonal behavior in wildlife, which potentially decreases individual fitness and modifies ecosystems. |
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Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia |
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2471-5638 |
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PMID:29806740 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1928 |
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| Author |
Galadí-Enríquez, D. |
| Title |
Beyond CCT: The spectral index system as a tool for the objective, quantitative characterization of lamps |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
Abbreviated Journal |
JQSRT |
| Volume |
206 |
Issue |
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Pages |
399-408 |
| Keywords |
Lighting |
| Abstract |
Correlated color temperature (CCT) is a semi-quantitative system that roughly describes the spectra of lamps. This parameter gives the temperature (measured in kelvins) of the black body that would show the hue more similar to that of the light emitted by the lamp. Modern lamps for indoor and outdoor lighting display many spectral energy distributions, most of them extremely different to those of black bodies, what makes CCT to be far from a perfect descriptor from the physical point of view. The spectral index system presented in this work provides an accurate, objective, quantitative procedure to characterize the spectral properties of lamps, with just a few numbers. The system is an adaptation to lighting technology of the classical procedures of multi-band astronomical photometry with wide and intermediate-band filters. We describe the basic concepts and we apply the system to a representative set of lamps of many kinds. The results lead to interesting, sometimes surprising conclusions. The spectral index system is extremely easy to implement from the spectral data that are routinely measured at laboratories. Thus, including this kind of computations in the standard protocols for the certification of lamps will be really straightforward, and will enrich the technical description of lighting devices. |
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Elsevier |
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English |
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English |
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0022-4073 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1835 |
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| Author |
Sanders, D.; Gaston, K.J. |
| Title |
How ecological communities respond to artificial light at night |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol |
| Volume |
329 |
Issue |
8-9 |
Pages |
394-400 |
| Keywords |
Ecology |
| Abstract |
Many ecosystems worldwide are exposed to artificial light at night (ALAN), from streetlights and other sources, and a wide range of organisms has been shown to respond to this anthropogenic pressure. This raises concerns about the consequences for major ecosystem functions and their stability. However, there is limited understanding of how whole ecological communities respond to ALAN, and this cannot be gained simply by making predictions from observed single species physiological, behavioral, or ecological responses. Research needs to include an important building block of ecological communities, namely the interactions between species that drive ecological and evolutionary processes in ecosystems. Here, we summarize current knowledge about community responses to ALAN and illustrate different pathways and their impact on ecosystem functioning and stability. We discuss that documentation of the impact of ALAN on species interaction networks and trait distributions provides useful tools to link changes in community structure to ecosystem functions. Finally, we suggest several approaches to advance research that will link the diverse impact of ALAN to changes in ecosystems. |
| Address |
Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin, Germany |
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English |
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2471-5638 |
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PMID:29656458 |
Approved |
no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1857 |
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