| Records |
| Author |
Eriksen, A.; Wabakken, P. |
| Title |
Activity patterns at the Arctic Circle: nocturnal eagle owls and interspecific interactions during continuous midsummer daylight |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Avian Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Avian Biol |
| Volume |
49 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages  |
e01781 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Circadian rhythms result from adaptations to biotic and abiotic environmental conditions that cycle through the day, such as light, temperature, or temporal overlap between interacting species. At high latitudes, close to or beyond the polar circles, uninterrupted midsummer daylight may pose a challenge to the circadian rhythms of otherwise nocturnal species, such as eagle owls Bubo bubo. By non‐invasive field methods, we studied eagle owl activity in light of their interactions with their main prey the water vole Arvicola amphibius, and their competitor the white‐tailed eagle Haliaeetus albicilla during continuous midsummer daylight on open, treeless islands in coastal Northern Norway. We evaluated circadian rhythms, temporal overlap, exposure, and spatial distribution. The owls maintained a nocturnal activity pattern, possibly because slightly dimmer light around midnight offered favourable hunting conditions. The eagles were active throughout the 24‐hour period as opposed to the strictly diurnal rhythm reported elsewhere, thus increasing temporal overlap and the potential for interference competition between the two avian predators. This may indicate an asymmetry, with the owls facing the highest cost of interference competition. The presence of eagles combined with constant daylight in this open landscape may make the owls vulnerable to interspecific aggression, and contrary to the available literature, eagle owls rarely exposed themselves visually during territorial calls, possibly to avoid detection by eagles. We found indications of spatial segregation between owls and eagles reflecting differences in main prey, possibly in combination with habitat‐mediated avoidance. Eagle owl vocal activity peaked in the evening before a nocturnal peak in visual observations, when owls were active hunting, consistent with the hypothesis of a dusk chorus in nocturnal bird species. The owls may have had to trade‐off between calling and foraging during the few hours around midnight when slightly dimmer light reduced the detection risk while also providing better hunting conditions. |
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0908-8857 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1881 |
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| Author |
Aubé, M.; Simoneau, A.; Wainscoat, R.; Nelson, L. |
| Title |
Modeling the effects of phosphor converted LED lighting to the night sky of the Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
478 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
1776-1783 |
| Keywords |
Skyglow |
| Abstract |
The goal of this study is to evaluate the current level of light pollution in the night sky at the Haleakala Observatory on the island of Maui in Hawaii. This is accomplished with a numerical model that was tested in the first International Dark Sky Reserve located in Mont-Mégantic National Park in Canada. The model uses ground data on the artificial light sources present in the region of study, geographical data, and remotely sensed data for: 1) the nightly upward radiance; 2) the terrain elevation; and, 3) the ground spectral reflectance of the region. The results of the model give a measure of the current state of the sky spectral radiance at the Haleakala Observatory. Then, using the current state as a reference point, multiple light conversion plans are elaborated and evaluated using the model. We can thus estimate the expected impact of each conversion plan on the night sky radiance spectrum. A complete conversion to white (LEDs) with (CCT) of 4000K and 3000K are contrasted with a conversion using (PC) amber (LEDs). We include recommendations concerning the street lamps to be used in sensitive areas like the cities of Kahului and Kihei and suggest best lighting practices related to the color of lamps used at night. |
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0035-8711 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1907 |
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| Author |
Li, K.; Chen, Y.; Li, Y. |
| Title |
The Random Forest-Based Method of Fine-Resolution Population Spatialization by Using the International Space Station Nighttime Photography and Social Sensing Data |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Remote Sensing |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1650 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
Despite the importance of high-resolution population distribution in urban planning, disaster prevention and response, region economic development, and improvement of urban habitant environment, traditional urban investigations mainly focused on large-scale population spatialization by using coarse-resolution nighttime light (NTL) while few efforts were made to fine-resolution population mapping. To address problems of generating small-scale population distribution, this paper proposed a method based on the Random Forest Regression model to spatialize a 25 m population from the International Space Station (ISS) photography and urban function zones generated from social sensing data—point-of-interest (POI). There were three main steps, namely HSL (hue saturation lightness) transformation and saturation calibration of ISS, generating functional-zone maps based on point-of-interest, and spatializing population based on the Random Forest model. After accuracy assessments by comparing with WorldPop, the proposed method was validated as a qualified method to generate fine-resolution population spatial maps. In the discussion, this paper suggested that without help of auxiliary data, NTL cannot be directly employed as a population indicator at small scale. The Variable Importance Measure of the RF model confirmed the correlation between features and population and further demonstrated that urban functions performed better than LULC (Land Use and Land Cover) in small-scale population mapping. Urban height was also shown to improve the performance of population disaggregation due to its compensation of building volume. To sum up, this proposed method showed great potential to disaggregate fine-resolution population and other urban socio-economic attributes. |
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2072-4292 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2038 |
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| Author |
Yao, Q.; Wang, H.; Uttley, J.; Zhuang, X. |
| Title |
Illuminance Reconstruction of Road Lighting in Urban Areas for Efficient and Healthy Lighting Performance Evaluation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Applied Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Applied Sciences |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1646 |
| Keywords |
Instrumentation; Lighting; Planning |
| Abstract |
Big lighting data are required for evaluation of lighting performance and impacts on human beings, environment, and ecology for smart urban lighting. However, traditional approaches of measuring road lighting cannot achieve this aim. We propose a rule-of-thumb model approach based on some feature points to reconstruct road lighting in urban areas. We validated the reconstructed illuminance with both software simulated and real road lighting scenes, and the average error is between 6 and 19%. This precision is acceptable in practical applications. Using this approach, we reconstructed the illuminance of three real road lighting environments in a block and further estimated the mesopic luminance and melanopic illuminance performance. In the future, by virtue of Geographic Information System technology, the approach may provide big lighting data for evaluation and analysis, and help build smarter urban lighting. |
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2076-3417 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2003 |
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| Author |
Cao, Y.; Zhang, J.; Yang, M.; Guo, B.; Liu, M.; Yang, L.; Qu, J.; Gao, P. |
| Title |
Analysis of Lighting Changes in the Tourist City Edogawa Using Nighttime Light Data |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Indian Soc Remote Sens |
| Volume |
46 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1617-1623 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
When assessing remote sensing data, nighttime light data have shortcomings that can be attributed to sensor limitations and the influence of the natural environment. Signal leakage errors in nighttime light data were identified in this study. A regression model was created to reduce signal leakage error by selecting sampling points in coastal area. Lighting variations in Edogawa between 2008 and 2013 were compared based on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s nighttime light data. The lighting variation characteristics in Edogawa from 1992 to 2012 at 5-year intervals were also analyzed. The results show that the 2002 FIFA World Cup held in Japan led Edogawa’s light digital number values to peak in 2002. The annual Edogawa lighting changes from 2007 to 2013 were also explored. The 2008 global financial crisis led to the lowest compounded night light index and average digital number in Edogawa during these 7 years. |
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English |
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0255-660X |
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no |
| Call Number |
NC @ ehyde3 @ |
Serial |
2079 |
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