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Author |
Pilz, L.K.; Levandovski, R.; Oliveira, M.A.B.; Hidalgo, M.P.; Roenneberg, T. |
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Title |
Sleep and light exposure across different levels of urbanisation in Brazilian communities |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Rep |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages  |
11389 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; Sleep |
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Abstract |
Quilombos are settlements originally founded by Africans and African descendants (Quilombolas) in remote parts of Brazil to escape slavery. Due to individual histories, Quilombos nowadays exhibit different states of industrialisation, making them ideal for studying the influence of electrification on daily behaviour. In a comparative approach, we aimed to understand whether and how human sleep changes with the introduction of artificial light. We investigated daily rest-activity-rhythms and sleep-patterns in the Quilombolas' by both wrist actimetry and the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ; the results of these two instruments correlated highly). Seven communities (MCTQ: N = 213/actimetry: N = 125) were compared in this study. Light exposure, phase of activity, sleep timing and duration differ across communities with various levels of urbanisation and histories of access to electricity. People living without electricity and those, who acquired it only very recently on average sleep earlier than those in more urbanised communities (mid-sleep about 1 hour earlier); sleep duration tends to be longer. Our results and those of others show that use of electricity and modern lifestyles have changed sleep behaviour. To understand the consequences of these changes for health, further studies are warranted. |
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Visiting Professor at UFRGS/CAPES, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. roenneberg@lmu.de |
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2045-2322 |
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PMID:30061685 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1968 |
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Author |
Owens, A.C.S.; Lewis, S.M. |
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Title |
The impact of artificial light at night on nocturnal insects: A review and synthesis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol Evol |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
22 |
Pages |
11337-11358 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Review |
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Abstract |
In recent decades, advances in lighting technology have precipitated exponential increases in night sky brightness worldwide, raising concerns in the scientific community about the impact of artificial light at night (ALAN) on crepuscular and nocturnal biodiversity. Long-term records show that insect abundance has declined significantly over this time, with worrying implications for terrestrial ecosystems. The majority of investigations into the vulnerability of nocturnal insects to artificial light have focused on the flight-to-light behavior exhibited by select insect families. However, ALAN can affect insects in other ways as well. This review proposes five categories of ALAN impact on nocturnal insects, highlighting past research and identifying key knowledge gaps. We conclude with a summary of relevant literature on bioluminescent fireflies, which emphasizes the unique vulnerability of terrestrial light-based communication systems to artificial illumination. Comprehensive understanding of the ecological impacts of ALAN on diverse nocturnal insect taxa will enable researchers to seek out methods whereby fireflies, moths, and other essential members of the nocturnal ecosystem can coexist with humans on an increasingly urbanized planet. |
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Department of Biology Tufts University Medford Massachusetts |
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2045-7758 |
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PMID:30519447; PMCID:PMC6262936 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2132 |
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Ludvigsen, M.; Berge, J.; Geoffroy, M.; Cohen, J.H.; De La Torre, P.R.; Nornes, S.M.; Singh, H.; Sorensen, A.J.; Daase, M.; Johnsen, G. |
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Use of an Autonomous Surface Vehicle reveals small-scale diel vertical migrations of zooplankton and susceptibility to light pollution under low solar irradiance |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Science Advances |
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Sci Adv |
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4 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
eaap9887 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Ecology |
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Light is a major cue for nearly all life on Earth. However, most of our knowledge concerning the importance of light is based on organisms' response to light during daytime, including the dusk and dawn phase. When it is dark, light is most often considered as pollution, with increasing appreciation of its negative ecological effects. Using an Autonomous Surface Vehicle fitted with a hyperspectral irradiance sensor and an acoustic profiler, we detected and quantified the behavior of zooplankton in an unpolluted light environment in the high Arctic polar night and compared the results with that from a light-polluted environment close to our research vessels. First, in environments free of light pollution, the zooplankton community is intimately connected to the ambient light regime and performs synchronized diel vertical migrations in the upper 30 m despite the sun never rising above the horizon. Second, the vast majority of the pelagic community exhibits a strong light-escape response in the presence of artificial light, observed down to 100 m. We conclude that artificial light from traditional sampling platforms affects the zooplankton community to a degree where it is impossible to examine its abundance and natural rhythms within the upper 100 m. This study underscores the need to adjust sampling platforms, particularly in dim-light conditions, to capture relevant physical and biological data for ecological studies. It also highlights a previously unchartered susceptibility to light pollution in a region destined to see significant changes in light climate due to a reduced ice cover and an increased anthropogenic activity. |
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Centre for Autonomous Operations and Systems, Department of Biology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway |
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2375-2548 |
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PMID:29326985; PMCID:PMC5762190 |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1806 |
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Author |
Babadi, S.; Ramirez-Inguiez, R.; Boutaleb, T.; Mallick, T. |
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Title |
Producing uniform illumination within a rectangular area by using a nonimaging optic |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
Publication |
Applied Optics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Opt. |
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57 |
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31 |
Pages |
9357 |
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Keywords |
Lighting |
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This paper proposes a new design method to create a novel optical element to generate uniform illumination within a rectangular area. Based on this model, an illuminated area is irradiated by two sets of rays; the first one irradiates the target plane after refraction from the top section of the lens, and the second one irradiates from the reflection at the side profile of the lens and then from refraction at the top part of the lens. The results show that a uniformity of over 90% can be achieved. |
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1559-128X |
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no |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2046 |
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Author |
Voigt, C.C.; Rehnig, K.; Lindecke, O.; Petersons, G. |
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Title |
Migratory bats are attracted by red light but not by warm-white light: Implications for the protection of nocturnal migrants |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol Evol |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
18 |
Pages |
9353-9361 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
The replacement of conventional lighting with energy-saving light emitting diodes (LED) is a worldwide trend, yet its consequences for animals and ecosystems are poorly understood. Strictly nocturnal animals such as bats are particularly sensitive to artificial light at night (ALAN). Past studies have shown that bats, in general, respond to ALAN according to the emitted light color and that migratory bats, in particular, exhibit phototaxis in response to green light. As red and white light is frequently used in outdoor lighting, we asked how migratory bats respond to these wavelength spectra. At a major migration corridor, we recorded the presence of migrating bats based on ultrasonic recorders during 10-min light-on/light-off intervals to red or warm-white LED, interspersed with dark controls. When the red LED was switched on, we observed an increase in flight activity for Pipistrellus pygmaeus and a trend for a higher activity for Pipistrellus nathusii. As the higher flight activity of bats was not associated with increased feeding, we rule out the possibility that bats foraged at the red LED light. Instead, bats may have flown toward the red LED light source. When exposed to warm-white LED, general flight activity at the light source did not increase, yet we observed an increased foraging activity directly at the light source compared to the dark control. Our findings highlight a response of migratory bats toward LED light that was dependent on light color. The most parsimonious explanation for the response to red LED is phototaxis and for the response to warm-white LED foraging. Our findings call for caution in the application of red aviation lighting, particularly at wind turbines, as this light color might attract bats, leading eventually to an increased collision risk of migratory bats at wind turbines. |
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Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies Jelgava Latvia |
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2045-7758 |
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PMID:30377506; PMCID:PMC6194273 |
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Call Number |
NC @ ehyde3 @ |
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2074 |
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