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| Author | Bará, S., Lima, R.C. | ||||
| Title | Photons without borders: quantifying light pollution transfer between territories | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | International Journal of Sustainable Lighting | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 20 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 51-61 |
| Keywords | Skyglow | ||||
| Abstract | The light pollution levels experienced at any given site generally depend on a wide number of artificial light sources distributed throughout the surrounding territory. Since photons can travel long distances before being scattered by the atmosphere, any effective proposal for reducing local light pollution levels needs an accurate assessment of the relative weight of all intervening light sources, including those located tens or even hundreds of km away. In this paper we describe several ways of quantifying and visualizing these relative weights. Particular emphasis is made on the aggregate contribution of the municipalities, which are -in many regions of the world- the administrative bodies primarily responsible for the planning and maintenance of public outdoor lighting systems. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | NC @ ehyde3 @ | Serial | 2066 | ||
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| Author | Jan Stenvers, D.; Scheer, F.A.J.L.; Schrauwen, P.; la Fleur, S.E.; Kalsbeek, A. | ||||
| Title | Circadian clocks and insulin resistance | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Nature Reviews. Endocrinology | Abbreviated Journal | Nat Rev Endocrinol |
| Volume | in press | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | Human Health; Review | ||||
| Abstract | Insulin resistance is a main determinant in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The circadian timing system consists of a central brain clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus and various peripheral tissue clocks. The circadian timing system is responsible for the coordination of many daily processes, including the daily rhythm in human glucose metabolism. The central clock regulates food intake, energy expenditure and whole-body insulin sensitivity, and these actions are further fine-tuned by local peripheral clocks. For instance, the peripheral clock in the gut regulates glucose absorption, peripheral clocks in muscle, adipose tissue and liver regulate local insulin sensitivity, and the peripheral clock in the pancreas regulates insulin secretion. Misalignment between different components of the circadian timing system and daily rhythms of sleep-wake behaviour or food intake as a result of genetic, environmental or behavioural factors might be an important contributor to the development of insulin resistance. Specifically, clock gene mutations, exposure to artificial light-dark cycles, disturbed sleep, shift work and social jet lag are factors that might contribute to circadian disruption. Here, we review the physiological links between circadian clocks, glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and present current evidence for a relationship between circadian disruption and insulin resistance. We conclude by proposing several strategies that aim to use chronobiological knowledge to improve human metabolic health. | ||||
| Address | Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands. a.kalsbeek@nin.knaw.nl | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1759-5029 | ISBN |
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| Notes | PMID:30531917 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | GFZ @ kyba @ | Serial | 2133 | ||
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| Author | Griepentrog, J.E.; Labiner, H.E.; Gunn, S.R.; Rosengart, M.R. | ||||
| Title | Bright environmental light improves the sleepiness of nightshift ICU nurses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Critical Care (London, England) | Abbreviated Journal | Crit Care |
| Volume | 22 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 295 |
| Keywords | Circadian; Light; Night shift; Nurse; Shift work sleep disorder | ||||
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Shift work can disturb circadian homeostasis and result in fatigue, excessive sleepiness, and reduced quality of life. Light therapy has been shown to impart positive effects in night shift workers. We sought to determine whether or not prolonged exposure to bright light during a night shift reduces sleepiness and enhances psychomotor performance among ICU nurses. METHODS: This is a single-center randomized, crossover clinical trial at a surgical trauma ICU. ICU nurses working a night shift were exposed to a 10-h period of high illuminance (1500-2000 lx) white light compared to standard ambient fluorescent lighting of the hospital. They then completed the Stanford Sleepiness Scale and the Psychomotor Vigilance Test. The primary and secondary endpoints were analyzed using the paired t test. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 43 matched pairs completed both lighting exposures and were analyzed. When exposed to high illuminance lighting subjects experienced reduced sleepiness scores on the Stanford Sleepiness Scale than when exposed to standard hospital lighting: mean (sem) 2.6 (0.2) vs. 3.0 (0.2), p = 0.03. However, they committed more psychomotor errors: 2.3 (0.2) vs. 1.7 (0.2), p = 0.03. CONCLUSIONS: A bright lighting environment for ICU nurses working the night shift reduces sleepiness but increases the number of psychomotor errors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03331822 . Retrospectively registered on 6 November 2017. |
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| Address | Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. rosengartmr@upmc.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1364-8535 | ISBN |
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| Notes | PMID:30424793 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | GFZ @ kyba @ | Serial | 2070 | ||
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| Author | Gonzalez, M.M.C.; Golombek, D.A. | ||||
| Title | Editorial: Let There Be Light: Biological Impact of Light Exposure in the Laboratory and the Clinic | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Frontiers in Neurology | Abbreviated Journal | Front Neurol |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | Commentary; Animals | ||||
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| Address | Department of Science and Technology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1664-2295 | ISBN |
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| Notes | PMID:30356725; PMCID:PMC6189324 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | NC @ ehyde3 @ | Serial | 2072 | ||
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| Author | Hopkins, G.R.; Gaston, K.J.; Visser, M.E.; Elgar, M.A.; Jones, T.M. | ||||
| Title | Artificial light at night as a driver of evolution across urban-rural landscapes | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment | Abbreviated Journal | Front Ecol Environ |
| Volume | 16 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 472-479 |
| Keywords | Ecology, Commentary | ||||
| Abstract | Light is fundamental to biological systems, affecting the daily rhythms of bacteria, plants, and animals. Artificial light at night (ALAN), a ubiquitous feature of urbanization, interferes with these rhythms and has the potential to exert strong selection pressures on organisms living in urban environments. ALAN also fragments landscapes, altering the movement of animals into and out of artificially lit habitats. Although research has documented phenotypic and genetic differentiation between urban and rural organisms, ALAN has rarely been considered as a driver of evolution. We argue that the fundamental importance of light to biological systems, and the capacity for ALAN to influence multiple processes contributing to evolution, makes this an important driver of evolutionary change, one with the potential to explain broad patterns of population differentiation across urban–rural landscapes. Integrating ALAN's evolutionary potential into urban ecology is a targeted and powerful approach to understanding the capacity for life to adapt to an increasingly urbanized world. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1540-9295 | ISBN |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | NC @ ehyde3 @ | Serial | 2073 | ||
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