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Author |
Carta, M.G.; Preti, A.; Akiskal, H.S. |
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Title |
Coping with the New Era: Noise and Light Pollution, Hperactivity and Steroid Hormones. Towards an Evolutionary View of Bipolar Disorders |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health : CP & EMH |
Abbreviated Journal |
Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
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Pages |
33-36 |
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Keywords |
Human Health |
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Abstract |
Human population is increasing in immense cities with millions of inhabitants, in which life is expected to run 24 hours a day for seven days a week (24/7). Noise and light pollution are the most reported consequences, with a profound impact on sleep patterns and circadian biorhythms. Disruption of sleep and biorhythms has severe consequences on many metabolic pathways. Suppression of melatonin incretion at night and the subsequent effect on DNA methylation may increase the risk of prostate and breast cancer. A negative impact of light pollution on neurosteroids may also affect mood. People who carry the genetic risk of bipolar disorder may be at greater risk of full-blown bipolar disorder because of the impact of noise and light pollution on sleep patterns and circadian biorhythms. However, living in cities may also offers opportunities and might be selective for people with hyperthymic temperament, who may find themselves advantaged by increased energy prompted by increased stimulation produced by life in big cities. This might result in the spreading of the genetic risk of bipolar disorder in the coming decades. In this perspective the burden of poor quality of life, increased disability adjusted life years and premature mortality due to the increases of mood disorders is the negative side of a phenomenon that in its globality also shows adaptive aspects. The new lifestyle also influences those who adapt and show behaviors, reactions and responses that might resemble the disorder, but are on the adaptive side. |
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University of California at San Diego USA |
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1745-0179 |
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PMID:29541149; PMCID:PMC5838624 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1823 |
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Al Zahrani, M.H.; Omar, A.I.; Abdoon, A.M.O.; Ibrahim, A.A.; Alhogail, A.; Elmubarak, M.; Elamin, Y.E.; AlHelal, M.A.; Alshahrani, A.M.; Abdelgader, T.M.; Saeed, I.; El Gamri, T.B.; Alattas, M.S.; Dahlan, A.A.; Assiri, A.M.; Maina, J.; Li, X.H.; Snow, R.W. |
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Title |
Cross-border movement, economic development and malaria elimination in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
BMC Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
BMC Med |
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Volume |
16 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
98 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing; Human Health |
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Abstract |
Malaria at international borders presents particular challenges with regards to elimination. International borders share common malaria ecologies, yet neighboring countries are often at different stages of the control-to-elimination pathway. Herein, we present a case study on malaria, and its control, at the border between Saudi Arabia and Yemen. Malaria program activity reports, case data, and ancillary information have been assembled from national health information systems, archives, and other related sources. Information was analyzed as a semi-quantitative time series, between 2000 and 2017, to provide a plausibility framework to understand the possible contributions of factors related to control activities, conflict, economic development, migration, and climate. The malaria recession in the Yemeni border regions of Saudi Arabia is a likely consequence of multiple, coincidental factors, including scaled elimination activities, cross-border vector control, periods of low rainfall, and economic development. The temporal alignment of many of these factors suggests that economic development may have changed the receptivity to the extent that it mitigated against surges in vulnerability posed by imported malaria from its endemic neighbor Yemen. In many border areas of the world, malaria is likely to be sustained through a complex congruence of factors, including poverty, conflict, and migration. |
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Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. rsnow@kemri-wellcome.org |
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1741-7015 |
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PMID:29940950 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1948 |
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Grenis, K.; Murphy, S.M. |
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Title |
Direct and indirect effects of light pollution on the performance of an herbivorous insect |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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Insect Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Insect Sci |
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26 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
770-776 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Plants |
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Light pollution is a global disturbance with resounding impacts on a wide variety of organisms, but our understanding of these impacts is restricted to relatively few higher vertebrate species. We tested the direct effects of light pollution on herbivore performance as well as indirect effects mediated by host plant quality. We found that artificial light from streetlights alters plant toughness. Additionally, we found evidence of both direct and indirect effects of light pollution on the performance of an herbivorous insect, which indicates that streetlights can have cascading impacts on multiple trophic levels. Our novel findings suggest that light pollution can alter plant-insect interactions and thus may have important community-wide consequences. |
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Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA |
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ISSN |
1672-9609 |
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Notes |
PMID:29425403 |
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no |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1865 |
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Author |
Buonfiglio, D.; Parthimos, R.; Dantas, R.; Cerqueira Silva, R.; Gomes, G.; Andrade-Silva, J.; Ramos-Lobo, A.; Amaral, F.G.; Matos, R.; Sinesio, J.J.; Motta-Teixeira, L.C.; Donato, J.J.; Reiter, R.J.; Cipolla-Neto, J. |
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Title |
Melatonin Absence Leads to Long-Term Leptin Resistance and Overweight in Rats |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Endocrinology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
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Pages |
122 |
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Keywords |
Human health |
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Melatonin (Mel), a molecule that conveys photoperiodic information to the organisms, is also involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Mechanisms of action of Mel in the energy balance remain unclear; herein we investigated how Mel regulates energy intake and expenditure to promote a proper energy balance. Male Wistar rats were assigned to control, control + Mel, pinealectomized (PINX) and PINX + Mel groups. To restore a 24-h rhythm, Mel (1 mg/kg) was added to the drinking water exclusively during the dark phase for 13 weeks. After this treatment period, rats were subjected to a 24-h fasting test, an acute leptin responsiveness test and cold challenge. Mel treatment reduced food intake, body weight, and adiposity. When challenged to 24-h fasting, Mel-treated rats also showed reduced hyperphagia when the food was replaced. Remarkably, PINX rats exhibited leptin resistance; this was likely related to the capacity of leptin to affect body weight, food intake, and hypothalamic signal-transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation, all of which were reduced. Mel treatment restored leptin sensitivity in PINX rats. An increased hypothalamic expression of agouti-related peptide (Agrp), neuropeptide Y, and Orexin was observed in the PINX group while Mel treatment reduced the expression of Agrp and Orexin. In addition, PINX rats presented lower UCP1 protein levels in the brown adipose tissue and required higher tail vasoconstriction to get a proper thermogenic response to cold challenge. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized interaction of Mel and leptin in the hypothalamus to regulate the energy balance. These findings may help to explain the high incidence of metabolic diseases in individuals exposed to light at night. |
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Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil |
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ISSN |
1664-2392 |
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Notes |
PMID:29636725; PMCID:PMC5881424 |
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no |
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Call Number |
NC @ ehyde3 @ |
Serial |
2093 |
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Author |
Gonzalez, M.M.C.; Golombek, D.A. |
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Title |
Editorial: Let There Be Light: Biological Impact of Light Exposure in the Laboratory and the Clinic |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Neurology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front Neurol |
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Volume |
9 |
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Keywords |
Commentary; Animals |
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Department of Science and Technology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina |
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English |
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1664-2295 |
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PMID:30356725; PMCID:PMC6189324 |
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no |
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Call Number |
NC @ ehyde3 @ |
Serial |
2072 |
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