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Zielinska-Dabkowska, K.M. |
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Title |
Make lighting healthier |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
553 |
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7688 |
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274-276 |
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Keywords |
Commentary; Lighting; Human Health |
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Artificial illumination can stop us sleeping and make us ill. We need fresh strategies and technologies, argues Karolina M. Zielinska-Dabkowska. |
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0028-0836 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2932 |
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Author |
Czaczkes, T.J.; Bastidas-Urrutia, A.M.; Ghislandi, P.; Tuni, C. |
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Title |
Reduced light avoidance in spiders from populations in light-polluted urban environments |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Die Naturwissenschaften |
Abbreviated Journal |
Naturwissenschaften |
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Volume |
105 |
Issue |
11-12 |
Pages |
64 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
Increased urbanisation is leading to a rise in light pollution. Light pollution can disrupt the behaviour and physiology of animals resulting in increased mortality. However, animals may also benefit from artificial light sources, as these may aggregate prey or signal suitable environments. For example, spiders are commonly seen congregating around artificial light sources. Changes in selective pressures engendered by urban environments are driving changes in urban organisms, driving better adaptation to these environments. Here, we ask whether urban populations of the synanthropic spider Steatoda triangulosa show different responses to light compared to rural populations. Egg-sacs from urban and rural populations were collected and incubated in a common garden setting, and the emerging spiderlings tested for light preference. While rural spiderlings avoided light (37% built webs in the light), urban spiderlings were indifferent to it (49% built webs in the light). Reduced light avoidance may benefit spiders through increased prey capture, increased movement into suitable habitats, or due to a release from selection pressure from visually hunting predators which do not enter buildings. |
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Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany |
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0028-1042 |
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PMID:30377809 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2140 |
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Author |
Czeisler, C.A. |
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Title |
Housing Immigrant Children – The Inhumanity of Constant Illumination |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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The New England Journal of Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
N Engl J Med |
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Volume |
379 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e3 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; Commentary |
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From the Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School – both in Boston |
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0028-4793 |
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PMID:29932841 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1942 |
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Author |
Nelson, R.J.; Chbeir, S. |
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Title |
Dark matters: effects of light at night on metabolism |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Nutr Soc |
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Volume |
77 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
223-229 |
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Keywords |
Human Health |
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Abstract |
Life on earth has evolved during the past several billion years under relatively bright days and dark night conditions. The wide-spread adoption of electric lights during the past century exposed animals, both human and non-human, to significant light at night for the first time in their evolutionary history. Endogenous circadian clocks depend on light to entrain to the external daily environment and seasonal rhythms depend on clear nightly melatonin signals to assess time of year. Thus, light at night can derange temporal adaptations. Indeed, disruption of naturally evolved light-dark cycles results in several physiological and behavioural changes with potentially serious implications for physiology, behaviour and mood. In this review, data from night-shift workers on their elevated risk for metabolic disorders, as well as data from animal studies will be discussed. Night-shift workers are predisposed to obesity and dysregulated metabolism that may result from disrupted circadian rhythms. Although studies in human subjects are correlative, animal studies have revealed several mechanisms through which light at night may exert its effects on metabolism by disrupting circadian rhythms that are associated with inflammation, both in the brain and in the periphery. Disruption of the typical timing of food intake is a key effect of light at night and subsequent metabolic dysregulation. Strategies to avoid the effects of light at night on body mass dysregulation should be pursued. |
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Department of Neuroscience,The Ohio State University,Columbus, OH 43210,USA |
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0029-6651 |
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PMID:29747703 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1896 |
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Author |
Cravens, Z.M.; Boyles, J.G. |
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Title |
Illuminating the physiological implications of artificial light on an insectivorous bat community |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oecologia |
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Volume |
in press |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
Global light pollution threatens to disturb numerous wildlife species, but impacts of artificial light will likely vary among species within a community. Thus, artificial lights may change the environment in such a way as to create winners and losers as some species benefit while others do not. Insectivorous bats are nocturnal and a good model to test for differential effects of light pollution on a single community. We used a physiological technique to address this community-level question by measuring plasma ss-hydroxybutyrate (a blood metabolite) concentrations from six species of insectivorous bats in lit and unlit conditions. We also recorded bat calls acoustically to measure activity levels between experimental conditions. Blood metabolite level and acoustic activity data suggest species-specific changes in foraging around lights. In red bats (Lasiurus borealis), ss-hydroxybutyrate levels at lit sites were highest early in the night before decreasing. Acoustic data indicate pronounced peaks in activity at lit sites early in the night. In red bats on dark nights and in the other species in this community, which seem to avoid lights, ss-hydroxybutyrate remained relatively constant. Our results suggest red bats are more willing to expend energy to actively forage around lights despite potential negative impacts, while other, generally rarer species avoid lit areas. Artificial light appears to have a bifurcating effect on bat communities, whereby some species take advantage of concentrated prey resources, yet most do not. Further, this may concentrate light-intolerant species into limited dark refugia, thereby increasing competition for depauperate, phototactic insect communities. |
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Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA |
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0029-8549 |
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PMID:30446844 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2061 |
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