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Johns, L.E.; Jones, M.E.; Schoemaker, M.J.; McFadden, E.; Ashworth, A.; Swerdlow, A.J. |
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Title |
Domestic light at night and breast cancer risk: a prospective analysis of 105 000 UK women in the Generations Study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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British Journal of Cancer |
Abbreviated Journal |
Br J Cancer |
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Volume |
118 |
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Pages |
600-606 |
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Keywords |
Human Health |
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Abstract |
BACKGROUND: Circadian disruption caused by exposure to light at night (LAN) has been proposed as a risk factor for breast cancer and a reason for secular increases in incidence. Studies to date have largely been ecological or case-control in design and findings have been mixed. METHODS: We investigated the relationship between LAN and breast cancer risk in the UK Generations Study. Bedroom light levels and sleeping patterns at age 20 and at study recruitment were obtained by questionnaire. Analyses were conducted on 105 866 participants with no prior history of breast cancer. During an average of 6.1 years of follow-up, 1775 cases of breast cancer were diagnosed. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs), adjusting for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: There was no association between LAN level and breast cancer risk overall (highest compared with lowest LAN level at recruitment: HR=1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88-1.15), or for invasive (HR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.85-1.13) or in situ (HR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.83-1.11) breast cancer, or oestrogen-receptor (ER) positive (HR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.84-1.14); or negative (HR=1.16, 95% CI: 0.82-1.65) tumours separately. The findings did not differ by menopausal status. Adjusting for sleep duration, sleeping at unusual times (non-peak sleep) and history of night work did not affect the results. Night waking with exposure to light, occurring around age 20, was associated with a reduced risk of premenopausal breast cancer (HR for breast cancer overall=0.74, 95% CI: 0.55-0.99; HR for ER-positive breast cancer=0.69, 95% CI: 0.49-0.97). CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective cohort analysis of LAN, there was no evidence that LAN exposure increased the risk of subsequent breast cancer, although the suggestion of a lower breast cancer risk in pre-menopausal women with a history of night waking in their twenties may warrant further investigation.British Journal of Cancer advance online publication, 23 January 2018; doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.359 www.bjcancer.com. |
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Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK |
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0007-0920 |
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PMID:29360812 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1803 |
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Author |
Mortazavi, S.M.J. |
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Comment on 'Domestic light at night and breast cancer risk: a prospective analysis of 105 000 UK women in the Generations Study' |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
British Journal of Cancer |
Abbreviated Journal |
Br J Cancer |
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Volume |
118 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1536 |
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Commentary |
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Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. S.M.Javad.Mortazavi@fccc.edu |
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PMID:29769746 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1911 |
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Stevens, R.G. |
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Comment on 'Domestic light at night and breast cancer risk: a prospective analysis of 105 000 UK women in the Generations Study' |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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British Journal of Cancer |
Abbreviated Journal |
Br J Cancer |
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in press |
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Commentary; Human Health |
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University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA. bugs@uchc.edu |
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0007-0920 |
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PMID:30283145 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2035 |
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Author |
Kyba, C.C.M.; Spitschan, M. |
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Title |
Comment on 'Domestic light at night and breast cancer risk: a prospective analysis of 105000 UK women in the Generations Study' |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
Publication |
British Journal of Cancer |
Abbreviated Journal |
Br J Cancer |
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in press |
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Human Health; Commentary |
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Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK |
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0007-0920 |
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PMID:30584260 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2145 |
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Author |
Gaydecki, P. |
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Title |
Automated moth flight analysis in the vicinity of artificial light |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Bulletin of Entomological Research |
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Bull Entomol Res |
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109 |
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1 |
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127-140 |
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Instrumentation; Animals |
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Instrumentation and software for the automated analysis of insect flight trajectories is described, intended for quantifying the behavioural dynamics of moths in the vicinity of artificial light. For its time, this moth imaging system was relatively advanced and revealed hitherto undocumented insights into moth flight behaviour. The illumination source comprised a 125 W mercury vapour light, operating in the visible and near ultraviolet wavelengths, mounted on top of a mobile telescopic mast at heights of 5 and 7.1 m, depending upon the experiment. Moths were imaged in early September, at night and in field conditions, using a ground level video camera with associated optics including a heated steering mirror, wide angle lens and an electronic image intensifier. Moth flight coordinates were recorded at a rate of 50 images per second (fields) and transferred to a computer using a light pen (the only non-automated operation in the processing sequence). Software extracted ground speed vectors and, by instantaneous subtraction of wind speed data supplied by fast-response anemometers, the airspeed vectors. Accumulated density profiles of the track data revealed that moths spend most of their time at a radius of between 40 and 50 cm from the source, and rarely fly directly above it, from close range. Furthermore, the proportion of insects caught by the trap as a proportion of the number influenced by the light (and within the field of view of the camera) was very low; of 1600 individual tracks recorded over five nights, a total of only 12 were caught. Although trap efficiency is strongly dependent on trap height, time of night, season, moonlight and weather, the data analysis confirmed that moths do not exhibit straightforward positive phototaxis. In general, trajectory patterns become more complex with reduced distance from the illumination, with higher recorded values of speeds and angular velocities. However, these characteristics are further qualified by the direction of travel of the insect; the highest accelerations tended to occur when the insect was at close range, but moving away from the source. Rather than manifesting a simple positive phototaxis, the trajectories were suggestive of disorientation. Based on the data and the complex behavioural response, mathematical models were developed that described ideal density distribution in calm air and light wind speed conditions. The models did not offer a physiological hypothesis regarding the behavioural changes, but rather were tools for quantification and prediction. Since the time that the system was developed, instrumentation, computers and software have advanced considerably, allowing much more to be achieved at a small fraction of the original cost. Nevertheless, the analytical tools remain useful for automated trajectory analysis of airborne insects. |
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School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester,Manchester M13 9PL,UK |
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0007-4853 |
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PMID:29745349 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1895 |
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