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Holveck, M.-J.; Grégoire, A.; Doutrelant, C.; Lambrechts, M.M. |
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Title |
Nest height is affected by lamppost lighting proximity in addition to nestbox size in urban great tits |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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Journal of Avian Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Avian Biol |
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in press |
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Animals |
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Both natural and artificial light have proximate influences on many aspects of avian biology, physiology and behaviour. To date artificial light at night is mostly considered as being a nuisance disrupting for instance sleep and reproduction of diurnal species. Here, we investigate if lamppost night lighting affects cavity‐nesting bird species inside their breeding cavity. Nest height in secondary cavity‐nesting species is the result of trade‐offs between several selective forces. Predation is the prevailing force leading birds to build thin nests to increase the distance towards the entrance hole. A thin nest may also limit artificial light exposure at night. Yet, a minimum level of daylight inside nesting cavities is necessary for adequate visual communication and/or offspring development. Against this background, we hypothesised that avian nest‐building behaviour varies in response to a change in night lighting. We monitored nest height of urban great tits (Parus major) during six years and found that it varied with artificial light proximity. The birds built thinner nests inside nestboxes of various sizes in response to increasing lamppost night light availability at the nest. In large nestboxes, the nests were also thinner when a lamppost was present in the territory. Whether this relationship between artificial night lighting and nest height reflects a positive or negative effect of urbanisation is discussed in the light of recent experimental studies conducted in rural populations by other research groups. |
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0908-8857 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2062 |
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Author |
Maggi, E.; Benedetti-Cecchi, L. |
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Title |
Trophic compensation stabilizes marine primary producers exposed to artificial light at night |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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Marine Ecology Progress Series |
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Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. |
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606 |
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1-5 |
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Plants; Animals; Ecology |
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Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a widespread phenomenon along coastal areas. Despite increasing evidence of pervasive effects of ALAN on patterns of species distribution and abundance, the potential of this emerging threat to alter ecological processes in marine ecosystems has remained largely unexplored. Here, we show how exposure to white LED lighting, comparable to that experienced along local urbanized coasts, significantly enhanced the impact of grazing gastropods on epilithic microphytobenthos (MPB). ALAN increased both the photosynthetic biomass of MPB and the grazing pressure of gastropods, such that consumers compensated for the positive effect of night lighting on primary producers. Our results indicate that trophic interactions can provide a stabilizing compensatory mechanism against ALAN effects in natural food webs. |
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0171-8630 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2063 |
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Wang, J., Zhang, J., Gong, L., Li, Q., Zhou, D. |
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Seismic Indirect Economic Loss Assessment and Recovery Evaluation Using Night-time Light Images – Application for Wenchuan Earthquake |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences |
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In press |
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Remote Sensing; Economics |
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Seismic indirect economic loss not only has a major impact on regional economic recovery policies, but also related to the economic assistance at the national level. Due to the Cross-regional economic activities and the difficulty of obtaining data, it's difficult that the indirect economic loss survey covers all economic activities. However, night-time light in an area can reflect the economic activity of the region. This paper focuses on the indirect economic losses caused by the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and evaluated the progress of restoration and reconstruction based on night-time light Images. First, the functional relationship between GDP and night-time light parameters was established based on the pre-earthquake data. Next, the indirect loss of the earthquake was evaluated by the night-time light attenuation in the disaster area after the earthquake. Then, the capacity recovery, which is characterized by the brightness recovery process of the light area, was evaluated. Lastly, the process of light expansion in the disaster area was analyzed to evaluate the economic expansion speed and efficiency. |
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NC @ ehyde3 @ |
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2064 |
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Author |
Jan Stenvers, D.; Scheer, F.A.J.L.; Schrauwen, P.; la Fleur, S.E.; Kalsbeek, A. |
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Title |
Circadian clocks and insulin resistance |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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Nature Reviews. Endocrinology |
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Nat Rev Endocrinol |
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in press |
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Human Health; Review |
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Insulin resistance is a main determinant in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The circadian timing system consists of a central brain clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus and various peripheral tissue clocks. The circadian timing system is responsible for the coordination of many daily processes, including the daily rhythm in human glucose metabolism. The central clock regulates food intake, energy expenditure and whole-body insulin sensitivity, and these actions are further fine-tuned by local peripheral clocks. For instance, the peripheral clock in the gut regulates glucose absorption, peripheral clocks in muscle, adipose tissue and liver regulate local insulin sensitivity, and the peripheral clock in the pancreas regulates insulin secretion. Misalignment between different components of the circadian timing system and daily rhythms of sleep-wake behaviour or food intake as a result of genetic, environmental or behavioural factors might be an important contributor to the development of insulin resistance. Specifically, clock gene mutations, exposure to artificial light-dark cycles, disturbed sleep, shift work and social jet lag are factors that might contribute to circadian disruption. Here, we review the physiological links between circadian clocks, glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and present current evidence for a relationship between circadian disruption and insulin resistance. We conclude by proposing several strategies that aim to use chronobiological knowledge to improve human metabolic health. |
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Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands. a.kalsbeek@nin.knaw.nl |
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1759-5029 |
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PMID:30531917 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2133 |
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Gonzalez, M.M.C.; Golombek, D.A. |
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Editorial: Let There Be Light: Biological Impact of Light Exposure in the Laboratory and the Clinic |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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Frontiers in Neurology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front Neurol |
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9 |
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Commentary; Animals |
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Department of Science and Technology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina |
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1664-2295 |
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PMID:30356725; PMCID:PMC6189324 |
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NC @ ehyde3 @ |
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2072 |
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