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Morelli, F.; Mikula, P.; Benedetti, Y.; Bussière, R.; Tryjanowski, P. |
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Title |
Cemeteries support avian diversity likewise urban parks in European cities: Assessing taxonomic, evolutionary and functional diversity |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Urban Forestry & Urban Greening |
Abbreviated Journal |
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening |
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36 |
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90-99 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Ecology |
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Abstract |
The aim of this study was to explore different components of avian diversity in two types of urban green areas, parks and cemeteries, in four European countries in relation to environmental characteristics. We studied bird species richness, functional diversity and evolutionary distinctiveness in 79 parks and 90 cemeteries located in four European countries: the Czech Republic, France, Italy and Poland.
First, we found no significant differences between cemeteries and parks in bird diversity. However, in both parks and cemeteries, only: two community metrics were affected by different environmental characteristics, including local vegetation structure and presence of human-related structures. Species richness was positively correlated with tree coverage and site size, functional diversity was unrelated to any of the measured variables, while the mean evolutionary distinctiveness score was positively correlated with tree coverage and negatively associated with the coverage of flowerbeds and number of street lamps.
Our findings can be useful for urban planning: by increasing tree coverage and site size it is possible to increase both taxonomic richness and evolutionary uniqueness of bird communities. In both parks and cemeteries, the potential association between light pollution and bird species richness was negligible. We also identified some thresholds where bird diversity was higher. Bird species richness was maximized in parks/cemeteries larger than 1.4 ha, with grass coverage lower than 65%. The evolutionary uniqueness of bird communities was higher in areas with tree coverage higher than 45%. In conclusion, the findings of this study provide evidence that cemeteries work similarly than urban parks supporting avian diversity. |
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1618-8667 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2141 |
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Studer, P.; Brucker, J.M.; Haag, C.; Van Doren, J.; Moll, G.H.; Heinrich, H.; Kratz, O. |
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Title |
Effects of blue- and red-enriched light on attention and sleep in typically developing adolescents |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Physiology & Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol Behav |
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199 |
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11-19 |
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Human Health |
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Differential effects of blue- and red-enriched light on attention and sleep have been primarily described in adults. In our cross-over study in typically developing adolescents (11-17years old), we found attention enhancing effects of blue- compared to red-enriched light in the morning (high intensity of ca. 1000lx, short duration: <1h) in two of three attention tasks: e.g. better performance in math tests and reduced reaction time variability in a computerized attention test. In our pilot study, actigraphy measures of sleep indicated slight benefits for red- compared to blue-enriched light in the evening: tendencies toward a lower number of phases with movement activity after sleep onset in the complete sample and shorter sleep onset latency in a subgroup with later evening exposure times. These findings point to the relevance of light concepts regarding attention and sleep in typically developing adolescents. Such concepts should be developed and tested further in attention demanding contexts (at school) and for therapeutic purposes in adolescents with impaired attention or impaired circadian rhythms. |
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Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany. Electronic address: oliver.kratz@uk-erlangen.de |
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0031-9384 |
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PMID:30381244 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2142 |
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Kyba, C.C.M.; Spitschan, M. |
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Comment on 'Domestic light at night and breast cancer risk: a prospective analysis of 105000 UK women in the Generations Study' |
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2018 |
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British Journal of Cancer |
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Br J Cancer |
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in press |
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Human Health; Commentary |
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Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK |
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0007-0920 |
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PMID:30584260 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2145 |
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Flores, D.E.F.L.; Oda, G.A. |
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Title |
Novel Light/Dark Regimens with Minimum Light Promote Circadian Disruption: Simulations with a Model Oscillator |
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2018 |
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Journal of Biological Rhythms |
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J Biol Rhythms |
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in press |
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Animals |
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Artificial lab manipulation of LD cycles has enabled simulations of the disruptive conditions found in modern human societies, such as jet-lag, night-work and light at night. New techniques using animal models have been developed, and these can greatly improve our understanding of circadian disruption. Some of these techniques, such as in vivo bioluminescence assays, require minimum external light. This requirement is challenging because the usual lighting protocols applied in circadian desynchronization experiments rely on considerable light input. Here, we present a novel LD regimen that can disrupt circadian rhythms with little light per day, based on computer simulations of a model limit-cycle oscillator. The model predicts that a single light pulse per day has the potential to disturb rhythmicity when pulse times are randomly distributed within an interval. Counterintuitively, the rhythm still preserves an underlying 24-h periodicity when this interval is as large as 14 h, indicating that day/night cues are still detectable. Only when pulses are spread throughout the whole 24-h day does the rhythm lose any day-to-day period correlation. In addition, the model also reveals that stronger pulses of brighter light should exacerbate the disrupting effects. We propose the use of this LD schedule-which would be compatible with the requirements of in vivo bioluminescence assays-to help understand circadian disruption and associated illnesses. |
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Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil |
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0748-7304 |
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PMID:30595077 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2146 |
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Petritoli, E.; Leccese, F.; Pizzuti, S.; Pieroni, F. |
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Title |
Smart Lighting as basic building block of Smart City: an energy performance comparative case study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Measurement |
Abbreviated Journal |
Measurement |
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in press |
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Energy |
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The aim of this work is to simulate and compare the energy savings potentially applicable to the consumption data of the Smart Street pilot system located at the ENEA Casaccia R.C. (Rome). The astronomical lighting system energy consumption (baseline) is compared to the simulation of a pre-defined regulation: it allows the lights dimming (and therefore a reduction of consumptions) based on a statistics averages of the traffic flow rate, differentiated according to the day of the week. Then the baseline consumption is compared to the simulation of an adaptive configuration based on the traffic flow rate. |
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0263-2241 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2147 |
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