| Records |
| Author |
Buonfiglio, D.; Parthimos, R.; Dantas, R.; Cerqueira Silva, R.; Gomes, G.; Andrade-Silva, J.; Ramos-Lobo, A.; Amaral, F.G.; Matos, R.; Sinesio, J.J.; Motta-Teixeira, L.C.; Donato, J.J.; Reiter, R.J.; Cipolla-Neto, J. |
| Title |
Melatonin Absence Leads to Long-Term Leptin Resistance and Overweight in Rats |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Endocrinology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
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Pages |
122 |
Keywords  |
Human health |
| Abstract |
Melatonin (Mel), a molecule that conveys photoperiodic information to the organisms, is also involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Mechanisms of action of Mel in the energy balance remain unclear; herein we investigated how Mel regulates energy intake and expenditure to promote a proper energy balance. Male Wistar rats were assigned to control, control + Mel, pinealectomized (PINX) and PINX + Mel groups. To restore a 24-h rhythm, Mel (1 mg/kg) was added to the drinking water exclusively during the dark phase for 13 weeks. After this treatment period, rats were subjected to a 24-h fasting test, an acute leptin responsiveness test and cold challenge. Mel treatment reduced food intake, body weight, and adiposity. When challenged to 24-h fasting, Mel-treated rats also showed reduced hyperphagia when the food was replaced. Remarkably, PINX rats exhibited leptin resistance; this was likely related to the capacity of leptin to affect body weight, food intake, and hypothalamic signal-transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation, all of which were reduced. Mel treatment restored leptin sensitivity in PINX rats. An increased hypothalamic expression of agouti-related peptide (Agrp), neuropeptide Y, and Orexin was observed in the PINX group while Mel treatment reduced the expression of Agrp and Orexin. In addition, PINX rats presented lower UCP1 protein levels in the brown adipose tissue and required higher tail vasoconstriction to get a proper thermogenic response to cold challenge. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized interaction of Mel and leptin in the hypothalamus to regulate the energy balance. These findings may help to explain the high incidence of metabolic diseases in individuals exposed to light at night. |
| Address |
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil |
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English |
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| ISSN |
1664-2392 |
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| Notes |
PMID:29636725; PMCID:PMC5881424 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
NC @ ehyde3 @ |
Serial |
2093 |
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| Author |
Landis, E.G.; Yang, V.; Brown, D.M.; Pardue, M.T.; Read, S.A. |
| Title |
Dim Light Exposure and Myopia in Children |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci |
| Volume |
59 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
4804-4811 |
| Keywords |
Human Health |
| Abstract |
Purpose: Experimental myopia in animal models suggests that bright light can influence refractive error and prevent myopia. Additionally, animal research indicates activation of rod pathways and circadian rhythms may influence eye growth. In children, objective measures of personal light exposure, recorded by wearable light sensors, have been used to examine the effects of bright light exposure on myopia. The effect of time spent in a broad range of light intensities on childhood refractive development is not known. This study aims to evaluate dim light exposure in myopia. Methods: We reanalyzed previously published data to investigate differences in dim light exposure across myopic and nonmyopic children from the Role of Outdoor Activity in Myopia (ROAM) study in Queensland, Australia. The amount of time children spent in scotopic (<1-1 lux), mesopic (1-30 lux), indoor photopic (>30-1000 lux), and outdoor photopic (>1000 lux) light over both weekdays and weekends was measured with wearable light sensors. Results: We found significant differences in average daily light exposure between myopic and nonmyopic children. On weekends, myopic children received significantly less scotopic light (P = 0.024) and less outdoor photopic light than nonmyopic children (P < 0.001). In myopic children, more myopic refractive errors were correlated with increased time in mesopic light (R = -0.46, P = 0.002). Conclusions: These findings suggest that in addition to bright light exposure, rod pathways stimulated by dim light exposure could be important to human myopia development. Optimal strategies for preventing myopia with environmental light may include both dim and bright light exposure. |
| Address |
School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia |
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English |
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0146-0404 |
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PMID:30347074; PMCID:PMC6181186 |
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no |
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NC @ ehyde3 @ |
Serial |
2097 |
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McGlashan, E.M.; Poudel, G.R.; Vidafar, P.; Drummond, S.P.A.; Cain, S.W. |
| Title |
Imaging Individual Differences in the Response of the Human Suprachiasmatic Area to Light |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Neurology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front. Neurol. |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Human Health |
| Abstract |
Circadian disruption is associated with poor health outcomes, including sleep and mood disorders. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus acts as the master biological clock in mammals, regulating circadian rhythms throughout the body. The clock is synchronized to the day/night cycle via retinal light exposure. The BOLD-fMRI response of the human suprachiasmatic area to light has been shown to be greater in the night than in the day, consistent with the known sensitivity of the clock to light at night. Whether the BOLD-fMRI response of the human suprachiasmatic area to light is related to a functional outcome has not been demonstrated. In a pilot study (n = 10), we investigated suprachiasmatic area activation in response to light in a 30 s block-paradigm of lights on (100 lux) and lights off (< 1 lux) using the BOLD-fMRI response, compared to each participant's melatonin suppression response to moderate indoor light (100 lux). We found a significant correlation between activation in the suprachiasmatic area in response to light in the scanner and melatonin suppression, with increased melatonin suppression being associated with increased suprachiasmatic area activation in response to the same light level. These preliminary findings are a first step toward using imaging techniques to measure individual differences in circadian light sensitivity, a measure that may have clinical relevance in understanding vulnerability in disorders that are influenced by circadian disruption. |
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1664-2295 |
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no |
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NC @ ehyde3 @ |
Serial |
2114 |
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| Author |
Tarquini, R.; Carbone, A.; Martinez, M.; Mazzoccoli, G. |
| Title |
Daylight saving time and circadian rhythms in the neuro-endocrine-immune system: impact on cardiovascular health |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Internal and Emergency Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
Intern Emerg Med |
| Volume |
in press |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Human Health |
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| Address |
Division of Internal Medicine and Laboratory of Chronobiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza”, Cappuccini Avenue, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, 71013, Italy. g.mazzoccoli@operapadrepio.it |
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English |
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1828-0447 |
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PMID:30488154 |
Approved |
no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2121 |
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Dunster, G.P.; de la Iglesia, L.; Ben-Hamo, M.; Nave, C.; Fleischer, J.G.; Panda, S.; de la Iglesia, H.O. |
| Title |
Sleepmore in Seattle: Later school start times are associated with more sleep and better performance in high school students |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Science Advances |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci. Adv. |
| Volume |
4 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
eaau6200 |
| Keywords |
Human Health |
| Abstract |
Most teenagers are chronically sleep deprived. One strategy proposed to lengthen adolescent sleep is to delay secondary school start times. This would allow students to wake up later without shifting their bedtime, which is biologically determined by the circadian clock, resulting in a net increase in sleep. So far, there is no objective quantitative data showing that a single intervention such as delaying the school start time significantly increases daily sleep. The Seattle School District delayed the secondary school start time by nearly an hour. We carried out a pre-/post-research study and show that there was an increase in the daily median sleep duration of 34 min, associated with a 4.5% increase in the median grades of the students and an improvement in attendance. |
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2375-2548 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2131 |
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