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Mulvin, D. |
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Title |
Media Prophylaxis: Night Modes and the Politics of Preventing Harm |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Information & Culture |
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Information & Culture |
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53 |
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2 |
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175-202 |
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Human Health; Society |
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This article develops the term “media prophylaxis” to analyze the ways technologies are applied to challenges of calibrating one’s body with its environment and as defenses against endemic, human-made harms. In recent years, self-illuminated screens (like those of computers, phones, and tablets) have been identified by scientists, journalists, and concerned individuals as particularly pernicious sources of sleep-disrupting light. By tracing the history of circadian research, the effects of light on sleep patterns, and the recent appearance of software like “f.lux,” Apple’s “Night Shift,” and “Twilight,” this article shows how media-prophylactic technologies can individualize responsibility for preventing harm while simultaneously surfacing otherwise ignored forms of chronic suffering. |
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2164-8034 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1853 |
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Brüning, A.; Kloas, W.; Preuer, T.; Hölker, F. |
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Influence of artificially induced light pollution on the hormone system of two common fish species, perch and roach, in a rural habitat |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Conservation Physiology |
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6 |
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1 |
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Animals |
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Almost all life on earth has adapted to natural cycles of light and dark by evolving circadian and circannual rhythms to synchronize behavioural and physiological processes with the environment. Artificial light at night (ALAN) is suspected to interfere with these rhythms. In this study we examined the influence of ALAN on nocturnal melatonin and sex steroid blood concentrations and mRNA expression of gonadotropins in the pituitary of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and roach (Rutilus rutilus). In a rural experimental setting, fish were held in net cages in drainage channels experiencing either additional ALAN of ~15 lx at the water surface or natural light conditions at half-moon. No differences in melatonin concentrations between ALAN and natural conditions were detected. However, blood concentration of sex steroids (17β-estradiol; 11-ketotestosterone) as well as mRNA expression of gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone) was reduced in both fish species. We conclude that ALAN can disturb biological rhythms in fish in urban waters. However, impacts on melatonin rhythm might have been blurred by individual differences, sampling methods and moonlight. The effect of ALAN on biomarkers of reproduction suggests a photo-labile period around the onset of gonadogenesis, including the experimental period (August). Light pollution therefore has a great potential to influence crucial life history traits with unpredictable outcome for fish population dynamics. |
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2051-1434 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1858 |
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Do, Q.-T.; Shapiro, J.N.; Elvidge, C.D.; Abdel-Jelil, M.; Ahn, D.P.; Baugh, K.; Hansen-Lewis, J.; Zhizhin, M.; Bazilian, M.D. |
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Terrorism, geopolitics, and oil security: Using remote sensing to estimate oil production of the Islamic State |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Energy Research & Social Science |
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Energy Research & Social Science |
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44 |
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411-418 |
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Remote Sensing; Economics |
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As the world’s most traded commodity, oil production is typically well monitored and analyzed. It also has established links to geopolitics, international relations, and security. Despite this attention, the illicit production, refining, and trade of oil and derivative products occur all over the world and provide significant revenues outside of the oversight and regulation of governments. A prominent manifestation of this phenomenon is how terrorist and insurgent organizations—including the Islamic State group, also known as ISIL/ISIS or Daesh—use oil as a revenue source. Understanding the spatial and temporal variation in production can help determine the scale of operations, technical capacity, and revenue streams. This information, in turn, can inform both security and reconstruction strategies. To this end, we use satellite multi-spectral imaging and ground-truth pre-war output data to effectively construct a real-time census of oil production in areas controlled by the ISIL terrorist group. More broadly, remotely measuring the activity of extractive industries in conflict-affected areas without reliable administrative data can support a broad range of public policy and decisions and military operations. |
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2214-6296 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1864 |
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Gwiazdsinski, L.; Straw, W. |
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Title |
Nights and Mountains. Preliminary Explorations of a Double Frontier |
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2018 |
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Revue de géographie alpine |
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rga |
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106 |
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1 |
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Commentary; Darkness |
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0035-1121 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1866 |
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Challéat, S.; Lapostolle, D.; Milian, J. |
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Title |
The Night-time Environment in French Mountain Areas. A Resource and a Transition Operator Towards Sustainability |
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2018 |
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Revue de géographie alpine |
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rga |
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106 |
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1 |
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Keywords |
Darkness; Society |
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This article presents our approach to construct the night-time environment (NE) as an interdisciplinary research subject. Understood within the framework of various French mountain areas, we show that the NE is highly indicative of different development trajectories. We analyse them by combining traditional social science research into territory with the ecosystem approaches of the experimental sciences. We show how the NE resource (NER) is transformed into an operator that facilitates the transition towards sustainability. By highlighting three of the NE’s specifications, this work lays the groundwork for a transdisciplinary approach. |
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0035-1121 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1867 |
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