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| Author | Cravens, Z.M.; Boyles, J.G. | ||||
| Title | Illuminating the physiological implications of artificial light on an insectivorous bat community | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Oecologia | Abbreviated Journal | Oecologia |
| Volume | in press | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | Animals | ||||
| Abstract | Global light pollution threatens to disturb numerous wildlife species, but impacts of artificial light will likely vary among species within a community. Thus, artificial lights may change the environment in such a way as to create winners and losers as some species benefit while others do not. Insectivorous bats are nocturnal and a good model to test for differential effects of light pollution on a single community. We used a physiological technique to address this community-level question by measuring plasma ss-hydroxybutyrate (a blood metabolite) concentrations from six species of insectivorous bats in lit and unlit conditions. We also recorded bat calls acoustically to measure activity levels between experimental conditions. Blood metabolite level and acoustic activity data suggest species-specific changes in foraging around lights. In red bats (Lasiurus borealis), ss-hydroxybutyrate levels at lit sites were highest early in the night before decreasing. Acoustic data indicate pronounced peaks in activity at lit sites early in the night. In red bats on dark nights and in the other species in this community, which seem to avoid lights, ss-hydroxybutyrate remained relatively constant. Our results suggest red bats are more willing to expend energy to actively forage around lights despite potential negative impacts, while other, generally rarer species avoid lit areas. Artificial light appears to have a bifurcating effect on bat communities, whereby some species take advantage of concentrated prey resources, yet most do not. Further, this may concentrate light-intolerant species into limited dark refugia, thereby increasing competition for depauperate, phototactic insect communities. | ||||
| Address | Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0029-8549 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes  |
PMID:30446844 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | GFZ @ kyba @ | Serial | 2061 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Gaston, K.J. | ||||
| Title | Lighting up the nighttime | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 362 | Issue | 6416 | Pages | 744-746 |
| Keywords | Commentary | ||||
| Abstract | Among the most visually compelling images of the whole Earth have been those created using data obtained at night by astronauts or from satellites. The proliferation in use of electric lighting—including from industrial, commercial, municipal, and domestic sources—is striking. It sketches the spatial distribution of much of the human population, outlining a substantial proportion of the world's coastline, highlighting a multitude of towns and cities, and drawing the major highways that connect them. The data embodied in these nighttime images have been used to estimate and map levels of energy use, urbanization, and economic activity. They have also been key in focusing attention on the environmental impacts of the artificial light at night itself. Explicit steps need to be taken to limit these impacts, which vary according to the intensity, spectrum, spatial extent, and temporal dynamics of this lighting. | ||||
| Address | Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK. k.j.gaston@exeter.ac.uk | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes |
PMID:30442788 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | GFZ @ kyba @ | Serial | 2058 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Griepentrog, J.E.; Labiner, H.E.; Gunn, S.R.; Rosengart, M.R. | ||||
| Title | Bright environmental light improves the sleepiness of nightshift ICU nurses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Critical Care (London, England) | Abbreviated Journal | Crit Care |
| Volume | 22 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 295 |
| Keywords | Circadian; Light; Night shift; Nurse; Shift work sleep disorder | ||||
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Shift work can disturb circadian homeostasis and result in fatigue, excessive sleepiness, and reduced quality of life. Light therapy has been shown to impart positive effects in night shift workers. We sought to determine whether or not prolonged exposure to bright light during a night shift reduces sleepiness and enhances psychomotor performance among ICU nurses. METHODS: This is a single-center randomized, crossover clinical trial at a surgical trauma ICU. ICU nurses working a night shift were exposed to a 10-h period of high illuminance (1500-2000 lx) white light compared to standard ambient fluorescent lighting of the hospital. They then completed the Stanford Sleepiness Scale and the Psychomotor Vigilance Test. The primary and secondary endpoints were analyzed using the paired t test. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 43 matched pairs completed both lighting exposures and were analyzed. When exposed to high illuminance lighting subjects experienced reduced sleepiness scores on the Stanford Sleepiness Scale than when exposed to standard hospital lighting: mean (sem) 2.6 (0.2) vs. 3.0 (0.2), p = 0.03. However, they committed more psychomotor errors: 2.3 (0.2) vs. 1.7 (0.2), p = 0.03. CONCLUSIONS: A bright lighting environment for ICU nurses working the night shift reduces sleepiness but increases the number of psychomotor errors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03331822 . Retrospectively registered on 6 November 2017. |
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| Address | Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. rosengartmr@upmc.edu | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1364-8535 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes |
PMID:30424793 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | GFZ @ kyba @ | Serial | 2070 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Shima, J.S.; Swearer, S.E. | ||||
| Title | Moonlight enhances growth in larval fish | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Ecology |
| Volume | in press | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | Animals; Moonlight | ||||
| Abstract | Moonlight mediates trophic interactions and shapes the evolution of life-history strategies for nocturnal organisms. Reproductive cycles and important life-history transitions for many marine organisms coincide with moon phases, but few studies consider the effects of moonlight on pelagic larvae at sea. We evaluated effects of moonlight on growth of pelagic larvae of a temperate reef fish using 'master chronologies' of larval growth constructed from age-independent daily increment widths recorded in otoliths of 321 individuals. We found that daily growth rates of fish larvae were enhanced by lunar illumination after controlling for the positive influence of temperature and the negative influence of cloud cover. Collectively, these results indicate that moonlight enhances growth rates of larval fish. This pattern is likely the result of moonlight's combined effects on foraging efficiency and suppression of diel migrations of mesopelagic predators, and has the potential to drive evolution of marine life histories. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. | ||||
| Address | School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0012-9658 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes |
PMID:30422325 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | GFZ @ kyba @ | Serial | 2059 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Bharti, N.; Tatem, A.J. | ||||
| Title | Fluctuations in anthropogenic nighttime lights from satellite imagery for five cities in Niger and Nigeria | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Scientific Data | Abbreviated Journal | Sci Data |
| Volume | 5 | Issue | Pages | 180256 | |
| Keywords | Remote Sensing | ||||
| Abstract | Dynamic measures of human populations are critical for global health management but are often overlooked, largely because they are difficult to quantify. Measuring human population dynamics can be prohibitively expensive in under-resourced communities. Satellite imagery can provide measurements of human populations, past and present, to complement public health analyses and interventions. We used anthropogenic illumination from publicly accessible, serial satellite nighttime images as a quantifiable proxy for seasonal population variation in five urban areas in Niger and Nigeria. We identified population fluxes as the mechanistic driver of regional seasonal measles outbreaks. Our data showed 1) urban illumination fluctuated seasonally, 2) corresponding population fluctuations were sufficient to drive seasonal measles outbreaks, and 3) overlooking these fluctuations during vaccination activities resulted in below-target coverage levels, incapable of halting transmission of the virus. We designed immunization solutions capable of achieving above-target coverage of both resident and mobile populations. Here, we provide detailed data on brightness from 2000-2005 for 5 cities in Niger and Nigeria and detailed methodology for application to other populations. | ||||
| Address | WorldPop, Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton; Flowminder Foundation, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2052-4463 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes |
PMID:30422123; PMCID:PMC6233255 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | GFZ @ kyba @ | Serial | 2769 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||