| Records |
| Author |
Mulvin, D. |
| Title |
Media Prophylaxis: Night Modes and the Politics of Preventing Harm |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Information & Culture |
Abbreviated Journal |
Information & Culture |
| Volume |
53 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
175-202 |
| Keywords |
History; Lighting; Society |
| Abstract |
This article develops the term “media prophylaxis” to analyze the ways technologies are applied to challenges of calibrating one’s body with its environment and as defenses against endemic, human-made harms. In recent years, self-illuminated screens (like those of computers, phones, and tablets) have been identified by scientists, journalists, and concerned individuals as particularly pernicious sources of sleep-disrupting light. By tracing the history of circadian research, the effects of light on sleep patterns, and the recent appearance of software like “f.lux,” Apple’s “Night Shift,” and “Twilight,” this article shows how media-prophylactic technologies can individualize responsibility for preventing harm while simultaneously surfacing otherwise ignored forms of chronic suffering. |
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2164-8034 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1917 |
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| Author |
Levin, N.; Ali, S.; Crandall, D. |
| Title |
Utilizing remote sensing and big data to quantify conflict intensity: The Arab Spring as a case study |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Applied Geography |
Abbreviated Journal |
Applied Geography |
| Volume |
94 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-17 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing; Society; Human Health |
| Abstract |
Tracking global and regional conflict zones requires spatially explicit information in near real-time. Here, we examined the potential of remote sensing time-series data (night lights) and big data (data mining of news events and Flickr photos) for monitoring and understanding crisis development and refugee flows. We used the recent Arab Spring as a case study, and examined temporal trends in monthly time series of variables which we hypothesized to indicate conflict intensity, covering all Arab countries. Both Flickr photos and night-time lights proved as sensitive indicators for loss of economic and human capital, and news items from the Global Data on Events, Location and Tone (GDELT) project on fight events were positively correlated with actual deaths from conflicts. We propose that big data and remote sensing datasets have potential to provide disaggregated and timely data on conflicts where official statistics are lacking, offering an effective approach for monitoring geopolitical and environmental changes on Earth. |
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0143-6228 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1918 |
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| Author |
Ma, T. |
| Title |
An Estimate of the Pixel-Level Connection between Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Day/Night Band (VIIRS DNB) Nighttime Lights and Land Features across China |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Remote Sensing |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
723 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
Satellite-derived nighttime light images are increasingly used for various studies in relation to demographic, socioeconomic and urbanization dynamics because of the salient relationships between anthropogenic lighting signals at night and statistical variables at multiple scales. Owing to a higher spatial resolution and fewer over-glow and saturation effects, the new generation of nighttime light data derived from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) day/night band (DNB), which is located on board the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP) satellite, is expected to facilitate the performance of nocturnal luminosity-based investigations of human activity in a spatially explicit manner. In spite of the importance of the spatial connection between the VIIRS DNB nighttime light radiance (NTL) and the land surface type at a fine scale, the crucial role of NTL-based investigations of human settlements is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the pixel-level relationship between the VIIRS DNB-derived NTL, a Landsat-derived land-use/land-cover dataset, and the map of point of interest (POI) density over China, especially with respect to the identification of artificial surfaces in urban land. Our estimates suggest that notable differences in the NTL between urban (man-made) surfaces and other types of land surfaces likely allow us to spatially identify most of the urban pixels with relatively high radiance values in VIIRS DNB images. Our results also suggest that current nighttime light data have a limited capability for detecting rural residential areas and explaining pixel-level variations in the POI density at a large scale. Moreover, the impact of non-man-made surfaces on the partitioned results appears inevitable because of the spatial heterogeneity of human settlements and the nature of remotely sensed nighttime light data. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve-based analysis, we obtained optimal thresholds of the nighttime light radiance, by equally weighting the sensitivity and specificity of the identification results, for extracting the nationwide distribution of lighted urban man-made pixels from the 2015 annual composite of VIIRS DNB data. Our findings can provide the basic knowledge needed for the further application of current nighttime light data to investigate spatiotemporal patterns in human settlements. |
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| ISSN |
2072-4292 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1919 |
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| Author |
Xue, X.; Yu, Z.; Zhu, S.; Zheng, Q.; Weston, M.; Wang, K.; Gan, M.; Xu, H. |
| Title |
Delineating Urban Boundaries Using Landsat 8 Multispectral Data and VIIRS Nighttime Light Data |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Remote Sensing |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
799 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
Administering an urban boundary (UB) is increasingly important for curbing disorderly urban land expansion. The traditionally manual digitalization is time-consuming, and it is difficult to connect UB in the urban fringe due to the fragmented urban pattern in daytime data. Nighttime light (NTL) data is a powerful tool used to map the urban extent, but both the blooming effect and the coarse spatial resolution make the urban product unable to meet the requirements of high-precision urban study. In this study, precise UB is extracted by a practical and effective method using NTL data and Landsat 8 data. Hangzhou, a megacity experiencing rapid urban sprawl, was selected to test the proposed method. Firstly, the rough UB was identified by the search mode of the concentric zones model (CZM) and the variance-based approach. Secondly, a buffer area was constructed to encompass the precise UB that is near the rough UB within a certain distance. Finally, the edge detection method was adopted to obtain the precise UB with a spatial resolution of 30 m. The experimental results show that a good performance was achieved and that it solved the largest disadvantage of the NTL data-blooming effect. The findings indicated that cities with a similar level of socio-economic status can be processed together when applied to larger-scale applications. |
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2072-4292 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1922 |
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| Author |
Linares, H.; Masana, E.; Ribas, S.J.; Garcia - Gil, M.; Figueras, F.; Aubé, M. |
| Title |
Modelling the night sky brightness and light pollution sources of Montsec protected area |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
| Volume |
217 |
Issue |
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Pages |
178-188 |
| Keywords |
skyglow |
| Abstract |
We proceeded to the modelling of the night sky brightness of Montsec area (north-east of Spain), an astronomical protected area certified as a Starlight Reserve. We have used the hyperspectral version of ILLUMINA, an artificial sky brightness model. Ground based measurements for Montsec and other areas of Catalonia 0015 ; 0016, including both photometric and spectroscopic data, has been used to fit and evaluate the input parameters of the model. In this first modelling attempt, Lleida, the biggest city in the area, has been considered as the unique source of light pollution. In 2014 there was an update of the lighting infrastructure in Lleida. A detailed comparison of the sky brightness before and after the change is shown in order to measure the effects that different kind of lamps can produce. This information could be used to plan for future updates and improvements of the lighting systems in the area. |
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0022-4073 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1923 |
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