| Records |
| Author |
Halfwerk, W.; Blaas, M.; Kramer, L.; Hijner, N.; Trillo, P.A.; Bernal, X.E.; Page, R.A.; Goutte, S.; Ryan, M.J.; Ellers, J. |
| Title |
Adaptive changes in sexual signalling in response to urbanization |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Nature Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat Ecol Evol |
| Volume |
3 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
374-380 |
| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Urbanization can cause species to adjust their sexual displays, because the effectiveness of mating signals is influenced by environmental conditions. Despite many examples that show that mating signals in urban conditions differ from those in rural conditions, we do not know whether these differences provide a combined reproductive and survival benefit to the urban phenotype. Here we show that male tungara frogs have increased the conspicuousness of their calls, which is under strong sexual and natural selection by signal receivers, as an adaptive response to city life. The urban phenotype consequently attracts more females than the forest phenotype, while avoiding the costs that are imposed by eavesdropping bats and midges, which we show are rare in urban areas. Finally, we show in a translocation experiment that urban frogs can reduce risk of predation and parasitism when moved to the forest, but that forest frogs do not increase their sexual attractiveness when moved to the city. Our findings thus reveal that urbanization can rapidly drive adaptive signal change via changes in both natural and sexual selection pressures. |
| Address |
Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
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| Language |
English |
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| ISSN |
2397-334X |
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| Notes |
PMID:30532046 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial  |
2136 |
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| Author |
Masri, S.; Sassone-Corsi, P. |
| Title |
The emerging link between cancer, metabolism, and circadian rhythms |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Nature Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat Med |
| Volume |
24 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1795-1803 |
| Keywords |
Human Health; Review |
| Abstract |
The circadian clock is a complex cellular mechanism that, through the control of diverse metabolic and gene expression pathways, governs a large array of cyclic physiological processes. Epidemiological and clinical data reveal a connection between the disruption of circadian rhythms and cancer that is supported by recent preclinical data. In addition, results from animal models and molecular studies underscore emerging links between cancer metabolism and the circadian clock. This has implications for therapeutic approaches, and we discuss the possible design of chronopharmacological strategies. |
| Address |
Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1233, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. psc@uci.edu |
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English |
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| ISSN |
1078-8956 |
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| Notes |
PMID:30523327 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2135 |
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| Author |
Chen, Y.; Cheng, M.; Su, T.; Gao, T.; Yu, W. |
| Title |
Constant light exposure aggravates POMC-mediated muscle wasting associated with hypothalamic alteration of circadian clock and SIRT1 in endotoxemia rats |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biochem Biophys Res Commun |
| Volume |
in press |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Animals |
| Abstract |
Constant light exposure is widespread in the intensive care unit (ICU) and could increase the rate of brain dysfunction as delirium and sleep disorders in critical patients. And the activation of hypothalamic neuropeptides is proved to play a crucial role in regulating hypercatabolism, especially skeletal muscle wasting in critical patients, which could lead to serious complications and poor prognosis. Here we investigated the hypothesis that constant light exposure could aggravate skeletal muscle wasting in endotoxemia rats and whether it was associated with alterations of circadian clock and hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin(POMC) expression. Fifty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) or saline, subjected to constant light or a 12:12h light-dark cycle for 7 days. On day 8, rats were sacrificed across six time points in 24h and hypothalamus tissues and skeletal muscle were obtained. Rates of muscle wasting were measured by 3-methylhistidine(3-MH) and tyrosine release as well as expression of two muscle atrophic genes, muscle ring finger 1(MuRF-1) and muscle atrophy F-box(MAFbx). The expression of circadian clock genes, silent information regulator 1(SIRT1), POMC and hypothalamic inflammatory cytokines were also detected. Results showed that LPS administration significantly increased hypothalamic POMC expression, inflammatory cytokine levels and muscle wasting rates. Meanwhile constant light exposure disrupted the circadian rhythm, declined the expression of SIRT1 as well as aggravated hypothalamic POMC overexpression and skeletal muscle wasting in rats with endotoxemia. Taken together, the results demonstrated that constant light exposure could aggravate POMC-mediated skeletal muscle wasting in endotoxemia rats, which is associated with alteration of circadian clocks and SIRT1 in the hypothalamus. |
| Address |
Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China. Electronic address: yudrnj2@163.com |
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English |
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0006-291X |
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| Notes |
PMID:30528733 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2134 |
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| Author |
Jan Stenvers, D.; Scheer, F.A.J.L.; Schrauwen, P.; la Fleur, S.E.; Kalsbeek, A. |
| Title |
Circadian clocks and insulin resistance |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Nature Reviews. Endocrinology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat Rev Endocrinol |
| Volume |
in press |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Human Health; Review |
| Abstract |
Insulin resistance is a main determinant in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The circadian timing system consists of a central brain clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus and various peripheral tissue clocks. The circadian timing system is responsible for the coordination of many daily processes, including the daily rhythm in human glucose metabolism. The central clock regulates food intake, energy expenditure and whole-body insulin sensitivity, and these actions are further fine-tuned by local peripheral clocks. For instance, the peripheral clock in the gut regulates glucose absorption, peripheral clocks in muscle, adipose tissue and liver regulate local insulin sensitivity, and the peripheral clock in the pancreas regulates insulin secretion. Misalignment between different components of the circadian timing system and daily rhythms of sleep-wake behaviour or food intake as a result of genetic, environmental or behavioural factors might be an important contributor to the development of insulin resistance. Specifically, clock gene mutations, exposure to artificial light-dark cycles, disturbed sleep, shift work and social jet lag are factors that might contribute to circadian disruption. Here, we review the physiological links between circadian clocks, glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and present current evidence for a relationship between circadian disruption and insulin resistance. We conclude by proposing several strategies that aim to use chronobiological knowledge to improve human metabolic health. |
| Address |
Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands. a.kalsbeek@nin.knaw.nl |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1759-5029 |
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| Notes |
PMID:30531917 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2133 |
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| Author |
Owens, A.C.S.; Lewis, S.M. |
| Title |
The impact of artificial light at night on nocturnal insects: A review and synthesis |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol Evol |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
22 |
Pages |
11337-11358 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Review |
| Abstract |
In recent decades, advances in lighting technology have precipitated exponential increases in night sky brightness worldwide, raising concerns in the scientific community about the impact of artificial light at night (ALAN) on crepuscular and nocturnal biodiversity. Long-term records show that insect abundance has declined significantly over this time, with worrying implications for terrestrial ecosystems. The majority of investigations into the vulnerability of nocturnal insects to artificial light have focused on the flight-to-light behavior exhibited by select insect families. However, ALAN can affect insects in other ways as well. This review proposes five categories of ALAN impact on nocturnal insects, highlighting past research and identifying key knowledge gaps. We conclude with a summary of relevant literature on bioluminescent fireflies, which emphasizes the unique vulnerability of terrestrial light-based communication systems to artificial illumination. Comprehensive understanding of the ecological impacts of ALAN on diverse nocturnal insect taxa will enable researchers to seek out methods whereby fireflies, moths, and other essential members of the nocturnal ecosystem can coexist with humans on an increasingly urbanized planet. |
| Address |
Department of Biology Tufts University Medford Massachusetts |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2045-7758 |
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| Notes |
PMID:30519447; PMCID:PMC6262936 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2132 |
| Permanent link to this record |
