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Abbott, S.M.; Malkani, R.G.; Zee, P.C. |
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Title |
Circadian disruption and human health: A bidirectional relationship |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
The European Journal of Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur J Neurosci |
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Volume |
in press |
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Keywords |
Human Health; Review |
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Abstract |
Circadian rhythm disorders have been classically associated with disorders of abnormal timing of the sleep-wake cycle, however circadian dysfunction can play a role in a wide range of pathology, ranging from the increased risk for cardiometabolic disease and malignancy in shift workers, prompting the need for a new field focused on the larger concept of circadian medicine. The relationship between circadian disruption and human health is bidirectional, with changes in circadian amplitude often preceding the classical symptoms of neurodegenerative disorders. As our understanding of the importance of circadian dysfunction in disease grows, we need to develop better clinical techniques for identifying circadian rhythms and also develop circadian based strategies for disease management. Overall this review highlights the need to bring the concept of time to all aspects of medicine, emphasizing circadian medicine as a prime example of both personalized and precision medicine. |
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Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois |
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0953-816X |
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PMID:30549337 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2154 |
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Author |
Lee, S.; Kakitsuba, N.; Katsuura, T. |
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Title |
Do green-blocking glasses enhance the nonvisual effects of white polychromatic light? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Physiological Anthropology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Physiol Anthropol |
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Volume |
37 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
29 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; Vision |
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Abstract |
BACKGROUND: It is well known that light containing the blue component stimulates the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) and plays a role in melatonin suppression and pupillary constriction. In our previous studies, we verified that simultaneous exposure to blue and green light resulted in less pupillary constriction than blue light exposure. Hence, we hypothesized that the nonvisual effects of polychromatic white light might be increased by blocking the green component. Therefore, we conducted an experiment using optical filters that blocked blue or green component and examined the nonvisual effects of these lights on pupillary constriction and electroencephalogram power spectra. METHODS: Ten healthy young males participated in this study. The participant sat on a chair with his eyes facing an integrating sphere. After 10 min of light adaptation, the participant's left eye was exposed to white pulsed light (1000 lx; pulse width 2.5 ms) every 10 s with a blue-blocking glasses, a green-blocking glasses, or control glasses (no lens), and pupillary constriction was measured. Then, after rest for 10 min, the participant was exposed a continuous white light of 1000 lx with a blue- or green-blocking glasses or control glasses and electroencephalogram was measured. RESULTS: Pupillary constriction with the blue-blocking glasses was significantly less than that observed with the green-blocking glasses. Furthermore, pupillary constriction under the green-blocking glasses was significantly greater than that observed with the control glasses. CONCLUSIONS: A reduction in the green component of light facilitated pupillary constriction. Thus, the effects of polychromatic white light containing blue and green components on ipRGCs are apparently increased by removing the green component. |
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Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan |
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1880-6791 |
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PMID:30563575; PMCID:PMC6299521 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2153 |
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Stafstrom, J.A.; Hebets, E.A. |
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Title |
Male attraction to female airborne cues by the net-casting spider, Deinopis spinosa |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav Processes |
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159 |
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23-30 |
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Animals |
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For many animals, finding a mate can be a difficult task. For males, it often involves actively searching for conspecific females, sometimes over great distances. This mate-searching can be aided through chemical or visual signals or cues produced by sexually receptive females. Here, we investigate the roles of olfaction and vision in mate-searching in a strictly nocturnal net-casting spider, Deinopis spinosa. First, we used an olfactometer assay to determine if mature male D. spinosa respond to conspecific airborne cues. We found that mature males, but not mature females, were attracted to airborne cues of mature female conspecifics. We next investigated the relative importance of olfaction and vision in male mate-searching. While manipulating airflow and light levels in screened enclosures in the laboratory, we tested freely moving mature males for mate-searching success. We found no effect of our airflow treatment on mate-searching success. Light levels, however, affected mate-searching in an unexpected way – males were more likely to locate females in complete darkness when compared to dim-light conditions. Our results suggest that visual cues are not necessary for successful male mate-searching in D. spinosa, but that the visual environment can nonetheless influence male behavior. In summary, we provide evidence suggesting that airborne cues, but not visual cues, are important in D. spinosa male mate-searching efforts, though the source of these chemical airborne cues remains unknown. |
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University of Nebraska – Lincoln, School of Biological Sciences, NE, USA |
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English |
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0376-6357 |
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PMID:30562562 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2152 |
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Hines, C.W.; Fang, Y.; Chan, V.K.S.; Stiller, K.T.; Brauner, C.J.; Richards, J.G. |
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The effect of salinity and photoperiod on thermal tolerance of Atlantic and coho salmon reared from smolt to adult in recirculating aquaculture systems |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology |
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Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol |
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230 |
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1-6 |
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Animals |
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Land-based, closed containment salmon aquaculture involves rearing salmon from smolt to adult in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Unlike in open-net pen aquaculture, rearing conditions can be specified in RAS in order to optimize growth and physiological stress tolerance. The environmental conditions that yield optimal stress tolerance in salmon are, however, unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we reared Atlantic (Salmo salar) and coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon in 7 separate RASs for 400days post-smoltification under 2 photoperiods (24:0 or 12:12, light:dark) and 4 salinities (2.5, 5, 10 or 30ppt.) and assessed the effects of these conditions on thermal tolerance. We found that over the first 120days post-smoltification, rearing coho under a 24:0 photoperiod resulted in a ~2 degrees C lower critical thermal maxima (CTmax) than in coho reared under a 12:12 photoperiod. This photoperiod effect did not persist at 200 and 400days, which was coincident with an overall decrease in CTmax in coho. Finally, Atlantic salmon had a higher CTmax (~28 degrees C) compared to coho (~26 degrees C) at 400days post-smoltification. Overall, these findings are important for the future implications of RAS and for the aquaculture industry to help identify physiologically sensitive time stages. |
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Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada |
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1095-6433 |
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PMID:30590111 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2149 |
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Author |
Smith, H.M.; Neaves, L.E.; Divljan, A. |
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Title |
Predation on cicadas by an Australian Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus based on DNA evidence |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Australian Zoologist |
Abbreviated Journal |
Australian Zoologist |
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in press |
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Animals |
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Abstract |
Historically, reports of insectivory in family Pteropodidae have largely been anecdotal and thought to be an incidental corollary of flying-foxes feeding on plant products. More recent direct observations of flying-foxes catching and consuming insects, as well as advances in techniques that increase our ability to detect dietary items, suggest that this behaviour may be deliberate and more common than previously thought. Usually, multiple insects are consumed, but it appears that flying-foxes hunt and eat them one at a time. However, we have collected and photographed oral ejecta pellets under trees with high flying-fox activity, some containing evidence of multiple masticated insects. Further genetic analysis proved that these pellets came from Grey-headed Flying-foxes Pteropus poliocephalus. We propose that flying-foxes use an array of insect feeding strategies, most likely in response to variation in insect abundance and activity, as well as abiotic factors such as light and temperature. |
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0067-2238 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2148 |
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