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Fotios, S.; Gibbons, R. |
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Title |
Road lighting research for drivers and pedestrians: The basis of luminance and illuminance recommendations |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Lighting Research & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Research & Technology |
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50 |
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1 |
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154-186 |
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Keywords |
Security; Public Safety; Lighting; Review |
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This article discusses quantitative recommendations for road lighting as given in guidelines and standards, primarily, the amount of light. The discussion is framed according to the type of road user, the driver and the pedestrian, these being the user groups associated with major and minor roads, respectively. Presented first is a brief history of road lighting standards, from early to current versions, and, where known, the basis of these standards. Recommendations for the amount of light do not appear to be well-founded in robust empirical evidence, or at least do not tend to reveal the nature of any evidence. This suggests a need to reconsider recommended light levels, a need reinforced by recent developments in the science and technology of lighting and of lighting research. To enable improved recommendations, there is a need for further evidence of the effects of changes in lighting: This article therefore discusses the findings of investigations, which might be considered when developing new standards. |
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1477-1535 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1790 |
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Grubisic, M.; Singer, G.; Bruno, M.C.; van Grunsven, R.H.A.; Manfrin, A.; Monaghan, M.T.; Hölker, F. |
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Title |
A pigment composition analysis reveals community changes in pre-established stream periphyton under low-level artificial light at night |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Limnologica |
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69 |
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55-58 |
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Keywords |
Plants; Ecology |
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Freshwaters are increasingly exposed to artificial light at night (ALAN), yet the consequences for aquatic primary producers remain largely unknown. We used stream-side flumes to expose three-week-old periphyton to LED light. Pigment composition was used to infer community changes in LED-lit and control periphyton before and after three weeks of treatment. The proportion of diatoms/chrysophytes decreased (14%) and cyanobacteria increased (17%) in lit periphyton in spring. This may reduce periphyton nutritional quality in artificially-lit waters. |
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0075-9511 |
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LoNNe @ schroer @ |
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1791 |
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Dimitriadis, C.; Fournari - Konstantinidou, I.; Sourbès, L.; Koutsoubas, D.; Mazaris, A.D. |
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Reduction of sea turtle population recruitment caused by nightlight: Evidence from the Mediterranean region |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Ocean & Coastal Management |
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Ocean & Coastal Management |
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153 |
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108-115 |
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Animals |
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The spread of artificial night lighting is increasingly acknowledged as a major threat to global biodiversity. Identifying and exploring the impacts of nightlight pollution upon species behavior, ecology and population dynamics could enhance conservation capacity. Sea turtle hatchlings emerge from nest at night and use visual cues to direct towards the brightest and lowest horizon, eventually leading them to the sea. Nightlight pollution could alter the cues perceived, disorienting the fragile hatchlings. We examined the level of artificial lighting and orientation patterns of sea turtles hatchling, in Zakynthos Island, Greece, one of the main nesting rookeries of the loggerheads (Caretta caretta) in the Mediterranean Sea. We analyzed movement patterns of 5967 hatchlings from 230 nests, and demonstrate that nightlight pollution could reduce population recruitment by more than 7%, suggesting that mitigation measures should become a high conservation priority. Our results further suggest that the responses of sea turtle hatchlings to artificial nighttime lighting could vary significantly depending on various factors, either anthropogenic or natural. Local conditions operating at the nesting site level determine the fine scale responses of hatchlings, thus conservation measures should be drawn in respect to site-specific properties. |
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0964-5691 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1792 |
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Robertson, B.A.; Keddy-Hector, I.A.; Shrestha, S.D.; Silverberg, L.Y.; Woolner, C.E.; Hetterich, I.; Horváth, G. |
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Title |
Susceptibility to ecological traps is similar among closely related taxa but sensitive to spatial isolation |
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2018 |
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Animal Behaviour |
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135 |
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77-84 |
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aquatic insect; behaviour; evolutionary trap; light pollution; maladaptation; polarized light pollution |
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0003-3472 |
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LoNNe @ schroer @ |
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1793 |
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Bagan, H.; Borjigin, H.; Yamagata, Y. |
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Assessing nighttime lights for mapping the urban areas of 50 cities across the globe |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
Publication |
Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science |
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Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science |
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2399808317752926 |
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Remote Sensing |
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Nighttime data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System have been widely used to map urban/built-up areas (hereafter referred to as “built-up area”), but to date there has not been a geographically comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of using nighttime lights data to map urban areas. We created accurate, convenient, and scalable grid cells based on Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System nighttime light pixels. We then calculated the density of Landsat-derived built-up areas within each grid cell. We explored the relationship between Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System nighttime lights data and the density of built-up areas to assess the utility of nighttime lights for mapping urban areas in 50 cities across the globe. We found that the brightness of nighttime lights was only in moderate agreement with the density of built-up areas; moreover, correlations between nighttime lights and Landsat-derived built-up areas were weak. Even in relatively sparsely populated urban regions (where the density of the built-up area is less than 20%), the highest correlation coefficient (R2) was only 0.4. Furthermore, nighttime lights showed lighted areas that extended beyond the area of large cities, and nighttime lights reduced the area of small cities. The results suggest that it is difficult to use the regression model to calibrate the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System nighttime lights to fit urban built up areas. |
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2399-8083 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @; GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1795 |
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