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McLay, L.K.; Nagarajan-Radha, V.; Green, M.P.; Jones, T.M. |
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Title |
Dim artificial light at night affects mating, reproductive output, and reactive oxygen species in Drosophila melanogaster |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol |
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Volume |
329 |
Issue |
8-9 |
Pages |
419-428 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
Humans are lighting the night-time environment with ever increasing extent and intensity, resulting in a variety of negative ecological effects in individuals and populations. Effects of light at night on reproductive fitness traits are demonstrated across taxa however, the mechanisms underlying these effects are largely untested. One possible mechanism is that light at night may result in perturbed reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress levels. Here, we reared Drosophila melanogaster under either dim (10 lx) light or no light (0 lx) at night for three generations and then compared mating and lifetime oviposition patterns. In a second experiment, we explored whether exposure to light at night treatments resulted in variation in ROS levels in the heads and ovaries of six, 23- and 36-day-old females. We demonstrate that dim light at night affects mating and reproductive output: 10 lx flies courted for longer prior to mating, and female oviposition patterns differed to 0 lx females. ROS levels were lower in the ovaries but not heads, of 10 lx compared with 0 lx females. We suggest that reduced ROS levels may reflect changes in ovarian physiology and cell signaling, which may be related to the differences observed in oviposition patterns. Taken together, our results indicate negative consequences for invertebrates under more stressful, urban, lit conditions and further investigation into the mechanisms driving these changes is warranted to manage invertebrate communities in a brighter future. |
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School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
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English |
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2471-5638 |
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PMID:29733537 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1889 |
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Author |
Guetté, A.; Godet, L.; Juigner, M.; Robin, M. |
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Title |
Worldwide increase in Artificial Light At Night around protected areas and within biodiversity hotspots |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biological Conservation |
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Volume |
223 |
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97-103 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing; Ecology; Conservation |
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Abstract |
Artificial Light At Night (ALAN) has several adverse impacts on biodiversity, and it has been recently used as a proxy to monitor human encroachment on landscapes at large spatial scales. The extent to which ALAN affects protected areas (PAs) and biodiversity hotspots (BHs) remains however untested at large spatial scales. We used this proxy to assess the spatial and temporal trends in the anthropization at a global scale within and around PAs and BHs. We found that ALAN is low and stable over time within PAs, but is the highest in a first outer belt (<25 km) around PAs, and tends to increase in a second outer belt (25–75 km). In the meantime, ALAN is higher within BHs than outside, and is even the highest and increasing over time in an inner belt, close to their periphery. Our results suggest that although PAs are creating safety zones in terms of ALAN, they tend to be more and more isolated from each other by a concentric human encroachment. In contrast, BHs are submitted to an increasing human pressure, especially in their inner periphery. Overall, we suggest integrating ALAN in large-scale conservation policies. |
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0006-3207 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1890 |
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Borck, P.C.; Batista, T.M.; Vettorazzi, J.F.; Soares, G.M.; Lubaczeuski, C.; Guan, D.; Boschero, A.C.; Vieira, E.; Lazar, M.A.; Carneiro, E.M. |
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Title |
Nighttime light exposure enhances Rev-erbalpha-targeting microRNAs and contributes to hepatic steatosis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental |
Abbreviated Journal |
Metabolism |
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85 |
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250-258 |
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Animals |
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OBJECTIVE: The exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) disrupts the biological rhythms and has been associated with the development of metabolic syndrome. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) display a critical role in fine-tuning the circadian system and energy metabolism. In this study, we aimed to assess whether altered miRNAs expression in the liver underlies metabolic disorders caused by disrupted biological rhythms. RESULTS: We found that C3H/HePas mice exposed to ALAN developed obesity, and hepatic steatosis, which was paralleled by decreased expression of Rev-erbalpha and up-regulation of its lipogenic targets ACL and FAS in liver. Furthermore, the expression of Rev-erbalpha-targeting miRNAs, miR-140-5p, 185-5p, 326-5p and 328-5p were increased in this group. Consistently, overexpression of these miRNAs in primary hepatocytes reduced Rev-erbalpha expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Importantly, overexpression of Rev-erbalpha-targeting miRNAs increased mRNA levels of Acly and Fasn. CONCLUSION: Thus, altered miRNA profile is an important mechanism underlying the disruption of the peripheral clock caused by exposure to ALAN, which could lead to hepatic steatosis. |
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Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil |
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English |
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ISSN |
0026-0495 |
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PMID:29751019 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1891 |
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Author |
Jong, M. de; Eertwegh, L. van den; Beskers, R.E.; Vries, P.P. de; Spoelstra, K.; Visser, M.E. |
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Title |
Timing of Avian Breeding in an Urbanised World |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Ardea |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ardea |
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106 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
31-38 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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A large part of the world is urbanised, and the process of urbanisation is ongoing. This causes dramatic alterations of species' habitat such as increased night light, sound levels and temperature, along with direct disturbance by human activity. We used eight years of citizen science data from ten common bird species breeding in nest boxes throughout The Netherlands to study the relationship between urbanisation and a key life history trait, timing of breeding. We used nightly light levels in the form of sky brightness and light emission as a proxy for urbanisation as the dramatic change of the night-time environment is a prominent effect of urbanisation. We expected birds to lay earlier in areas with more light at night, i.e. in more urbanised areas. We found, however, no relationship between light levels and seasonal timing in the ten species studied. A limitation of our study is that there was only limited data for the areas that were urbanised most (e.g. inside cities). Most nest box study areas are located in areas with a limited level of urbanisation, and hence with relatively low light levels of light at night. The lack of data on breeding birds in more urbanised environments, which is a rapidly expanding habitat for an increasing number of species worldwide, should be the focus of attention and citizen science would be highly suitable to also provide data for such areas. |
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ISSN |
0373-2266 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1893 |
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Author |
Cruz, L.M.; Shillinger, G.L.; Robinson, N.J.; Tomillo, P.S.; Paladino, F.V. |
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Title |
Effect of light intensity and wavelength on the in-water orientation of olive ridley turtle hatchlings |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology |
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Volume |
505 |
Issue |
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Pages |
52-56 |
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Animals |
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Abstract |
Light pollution, associated with coastal development, poses a growing threat to sea turtles. Hatchlings are particularly affected during their crawl to the ocean since they exhibit phototaxis and may move towards or be disoriented by artificial lights. Although much is known about how hatchlings respond to artificial light while crawling to the ocean, far less is known about their response after reaching the water. Here, we investigate how hatchling olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) held in artificial pools responded to light of different wavelengths (red, 720 nm; yellow, 660 nm and green, 520 nm) and intensities (0.1–3.3 lx, mean 0.87 lx, SD = 0.85, 10.3–45.9 lx, mean 15.75 lx,SD = 7.12; 47.5–84.2 lx; mean 52.02 lx, SD = 9.11; 91.3–140.8 lx, mean 105 lx, SD = 13.24; 150.1–623 lx, mean 172.18 lx, SD = 73.42). When no light or red light below 39 lx was present, hatchlings oriented at a mean angle of 180° from true north and did not orient towards any discernable feature. However, hatchlings swam towards the light at intensities of red light above 39 lx, yellow light above 10 lx and green light above 5 lx. Our findings indicate that sea turtles will swim towards artificial lights even after reaching the water. Thus, we recommend light mitigation efforts should extend beyond nesting beaches and into the associated oceanic habitats. |
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0022-0981 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1894 |
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