| Records |
| Author |
Ouyang, J.Q.; Davies, S.; Dominoni, D. |
Title  |
Hormonally mediated effects of artificial light at night on behavior and fitness: linking endocrine mechanisms with function |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
The Journal of Experimental Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Biol |
| Volume |
221 |
Issue |
Pt 6 |
Pages |
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| Keywords |
Human Health; Alan; Glucocorticoid; Hormones; Light pollution; Melatonin; Metabolism; Sleep; Stress; Thyroid; Urban ecology |
| Abstract |
Alternation between day and night is a predictable environmental fluctuation that organisms use to time their activities. Since the invention of artificial lighting, this predictability has been disrupted and continues to change in a unidirectional fashion with increasing urbanization. As hormones mediate individual responses to changing environments, endocrine systems might be one of the first systems affected, as well as being the first line of defense to ameliorate any negative health impacts. In this Review, we first highlight how light can influence endocrine function in vertebrates. We then focus on four endocrine axes that might be affected by artificial light at night (ALAN): pineal, reproductive, adrenal and thyroid. Throughout, we highlight key findings, rather than performing an exhaustive review, in order to emphasize knowledge gaps that are hindering progress on proposing impactful and concrete plans to ameliorate the negative effects of ALAN. We discuss these findings with respect to impacts on human and animal health, with a focus on the consequences of anthropogenic modification of the night-time environment for non-human organisms. Lastly, we stress the need for the integration of field and lab experiments as well as the need for long-term integrative eco-physiological studies in the rapidly expanding field of light pollution. |
| Address |
Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0022-0949 |
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| Notes |
PMID:29545373 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1817 |
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| Author |
Czeisler, C.A. |
| Title |
Housing Immigrant Children – The Inhumanity of Constant Illumination |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
The New England Journal of Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
N Engl J Med |
| Volume |
379 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e3 |
| Keywords |
Human Health; Commentary |
| Abstract |
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| Address |
From the Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School – both in Boston |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0028-4793 |
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| Notes |
PMID:29932841 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1942 |
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| Author |
Foster, J.J.; Smolka, J.; Nilsson, D.-E.; Dacke, M. |
| Title |
How animals follow the stars |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Proceedings. Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Biol Sci |
| Volume |
285 |
Issue |
1871 |
Pages |
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| Keywords |
Vision; Animals |
| Abstract |
Throughout history, the stars have provided humans with ever more information about our world, enabling increasingly accurate systems of navigation in addition to fuelling some of the greatest scientific controversies. What information animals have evolved to extract from a starry sky and how they do so, is a topic of study that combines the practical and theoretical challenges faced by both astronomers and field biologists. While a number of animal species have been demonstrated to use the stars as a source of directional information, the strategies that these animals use to convert this complex and variable pattern of dim-light points into a reliable 'stellar orientation' cue have been more difficult to ascertain. In this review, we assess the stars as a visual stimulus that conveys directional information, and compare the bodies of evidence available for the different stellar orientation strategies proposed to date. In this context, we also introduce new technologies that may aid in the study of stellar orientation, and suggest how field experiments may be used to characterize the mechanisms underlying stellar orientation. |
| Address |
Department of Biology, Lund University, Solvegatan 35, Lund 223 62, Sweden |
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English |
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0962-8452 |
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| Notes |
PMID:29367394 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1802 |
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| Author |
Sanders, D.; Gaston, K.J. |
| Title |
How ecological communities respond to artificial light at night |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol |
| Volume |
329 |
Issue |
8-9 |
Pages |
394-400 |
| Keywords |
Ecology |
| Abstract |
Many ecosystems worldwide are exposed to artificial light at night (ALAN), from streetlights and other sources, and a wide range of organisms has been shown to respond to this anthropogenic pressure. This raises concerns about the consequences for major ecosystem functions and their stability. However, there is limited understanding of how whole ecological communities respond to ALAN, and this cannot be gained simply by making predictions from observed single species physiological, behavioral, or ecological responses. Research needs to include an important building block of ecological communities, namely the interactions between species that drive ecological and evolutionary processes in ecosystems. Here, we summarize current knowledge about community responses to ALAN and illustrate different pathways and their impact on ecosystem functioning and stability. We discuss that documentation of the impact of ALAN on species interaction networks and trait distributions provides useful tools to link changes in community structure to ecosystem functions. Finally, we suggest several approaches to advance research that will link the diverse impact of ALAN to changes in ecosystems. |
| Address |
Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin, Germany |
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English |
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| ISSN |
2471-5638 |
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| Notes |
PMID:29656458 |
Approved |
no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1857 |
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| Author |
Martinez, L. R. |
| Title |
How Much Should We Trust the Dictator's GDP Estimates? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
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SSRN |
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| Keywords |
Economics; Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
I study the manipulation of GDP statistics in weak and non-democracies. I show that the elasticity of official GDP figures to nighttime lights is systematically larger in more authoritarian regimes. This autocracy gradient in the night-lights elasticity of GDP cannot be explained by differences in a wide range of factors that may affect the mapping of night lights to GDP, such as economic structure, statistical capacity, rates of urbanization or electrification. The gradient is larger when there is a stronger incentive to exaggerate economic performance (years of low growth, before elections or after becoming ineligible for foreign aid) and is only present for GDP sub-components that rely on government information and have low third-party verification. The results indicate that yearly GDP growth rates are inflated by a factor of between 1.15 and 1.3 in the most authoritarian regimes. Correcting for manipulation substantially changes our understanding of comparative economic performance at the turn of the XXI century. |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1926 |
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