| Records |
| Author |
Netzel, H.; Netzel, P. |
Title  |
High-resolution map of light pollution |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
| Volume |
221 |
Issue |
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Pages |
300-308 |
| Keywords |
Skyglow |
| Abstract |
In 1976 Berry created a very simple model describing artificial night sky brightness due to light emitted by cities. He used several assumptions and simplifications, due to which, map calculated with this model does not properly describes the night sky brightness. Especially, this is the case for highly urbanized areas. We used Berry’s idea, but we changed some assumptions and used very different input data. As in Berry’s approach, we focused on total sky brightness and did not analyze spectral properties of artificial light emission. Resultant map has a resolution of 100 meters, and so far it is the most detailed map of night sky brightness. Moreover we included the shadowing effect, which is very important on mountainous areas. Map is calculated for Poland and for several other places in Europe. We also describe the comparison between calculated values and measurements for different areas in Europe. Also we present comparison between our approach and the new world atlas of artificial night sky brightness. |
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0022-4073 |
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| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1937 |
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| Author |
Weisbuch, C. |
| Title |
Historical perspective on the physics of artificial lighting |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Comptes Rendus Physique |
Abbreviated Journal |
Comptes Rendus Physique |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
89-112 |
| Keywords |
History; Lighting |
| Abstract |
We describe the evolution of lighting technologies used throughout the ages, and how the need for improvements was such that any new technology giving better and cheaper lighting was immediately implemented. Thus, every revolution in energy sources – gas, petrol electricity – was first put to large-scale use in lighting. We describe in some detail several “ancient” techniques of scientific interest, along with their physical limitations. Electroluminescence – the phenomenon by which LEDs directly convert electricity into light – was long thought to only be of use for indicators or flat panel displays supposed to replace the bulky cathode-ray tubes. The more recent uses of LEDs were mainly for street traffic lights, car indicators, small phone displays, followed by backlighting of TV screens. LED lamps for general lighting only emerged recently as the dominant application of LEDs thanks to dramatic decrease in cost, and continuous improvements of color quality and energy conversion efficiency. |
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1631-0705 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1840 |
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| Author |
Ouyang, J.Q.; Davies, S.; Dominoni, D. |
| Title |
Hormonally mediated effects of artificial light at night on behavior and fitness: linking endocrine mechanisms with function |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
The Journal of Experimental Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Biol |
| Volume |
221 |
Issue |
Pt 6 |
Pages |
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| Keywords |
Human Health; Alan; Glucocorticoid; Hormones; Light pollution; Melatonin; Metabolism; Sleep; Stress; Thyroid; Urban ecology |
| Abstract |
Alternation between day and night is a predictable environmental fluctuation that organisms use to time their activities. Since the invention of artificial lighting, this predictability has been disrupted and continues to change in a unidirectional fashion with increasing urbanization. As hormones mediate individual responses to changing environments, endocrine systems might be one of the first systems affected, as well as being the first line of defense to ameliorate any negative health impacts. In this Review, we first highlight how light can influence endocrine function in vertebrates. We then focus on four endocrine axes that might be affected by artificial light at night (ALAN): pineal, reproductive, adrenal and thyroid. Throughout, we highlight key findings, rather than performing an exhaustive review, in order to emphasize knowledge gaps that are hindering progress on proposing impactful and concrete plans to ameliorate the negative effects of ALAN. We discuss these findings with respect to impacts on human and animal health, with a focus on the consequences of anthropogenic modification of the night-time environment for non-human organisms. Lastly, we stress the need for the integration of field and lab experiments as well as the need for long-term integrative eco-physiological studies in the rapidly expanding field of light pollution. |
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Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; |
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English |
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0022-0949 |
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PMID:29545373 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1817 |
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| Author |
Czeisler, C.A. |
| Title |
Housing Immigrant Children – The Inhumanity of Constant Illumination |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
The New England Journal of Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
N Engl J Med |
| Volume |
379 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e3 |
| Keywords |
Human Health; Commentary |
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| Address |
From the Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School – both in Boston |
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English |
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0028-4793 |
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| Notes |
PMID:29932841 |
Approved |
no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1942 |
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| Author |
Foster, J.J.; Smolka, J.; Nilsson, D.-E.; Dacke, M. |
| Title |
How animals follow the stars |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Proceedings. Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Biol Sci |
| Volume |
285 |
Issue |
1871 |
Pages |
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| Keywords |
Vision; Animals |
| Abstract |
Throughout history, the stars have provided humans with ever more information about our world, enabling increasingly accurate systems of navigation in addition to fuelling some of the greatest scientific controversies. What information animals have evolved to extract from a starry sky and how they do so, is a topic of study that combines the practical and theoretical challenges faced by both astronomers and field biologists. While a number of animal species have been demonstrated to use the stars as a source of directional information, the strategies that these animals use to convert this complex and variable pattern of dim-light points into a reliable 'stellar orientation' cue have been more difficult to ascertain. In this review, we assess the stars as a visual stimulus that conveys directional information, and compare the bodies of evidence available for the different stellar orientation strategies proposed to date. In this context, we also introduce new technologies that may aid in the study of stellar orientation, and suggest how field experiments may be used to characterize the mechanisms underlying stellar orientation. |
| Address |
Department of Biology, Lund University, Solvegatan 35, Lund 223 62, Sweden |
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English |
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Edition |
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0962-8452 |
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| Notes |
PMID:29367394 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1802 |
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