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Kernbach, M.E.; Hall, R.J.; Burkett-Cadena, N.; Unnasch, T.R.; Martin, L.B. |
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Dim light at night: physiological effects and ecological consequences for infectious disease |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Integrative and Comparative Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Integr Comp Biol |
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58 |
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5 |
Pages |
995-1007 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
Light pollution has emerged as a pervasive component of land development over the past century. Several detrimental impacts of this anthropogenic influence have been identified in night shift workers, laboratory rodents, and a plethora of wildlife species. Circadian, or daily, patterns are interrupted by the presence of light at night and have the capacity to alter rhythmic physiological or behavioral characteristics. Indeed, biorhythm disruption can lead to metabolic, reproductive, and immunological dysfunction depending on the intensity, timing, duration and wavelength of light exposure. Light pollution, in many forms and by many pathways, is thus apt to affect the nature of host-pathogen interactions. However, no research has yet investigated this possibility. The goal of this manuscript is to outline how dim light at night (dLAN), a relevant and common form of light pollution, may affect disease dynamics by interrupting circadian rhythms and regulation of immune responses as well as opportunities for host-parasite interactions and subsequent transmission risk including spillover into humans. We close by proposing some promising interventions including alternative lighting methods or vector control efforts. |
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Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa FL |
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1540-7063 |
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PMID:29939262 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1946 |
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Landis, E.G.; Yang, V.; Brown, D.M.; Pardue, M.T.; Read, S.A. |
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Title |
Dim Light Exposure and Myopia in Children |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci |
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59 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
4804-4811 |
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Human Health |
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Purpose: Experimental myopia in animal models suggests that bright light can influence refractive error and prevent myopia. Additionally, animal research indicates activation of rod pathways and circadian rhythms may influence eye growth. In children, objective measures of personal light exposure, recorded by wearable light sensors, have been used to examine the effects of bright light exposure on myopia. The effect of time spent in a broad range of light intensities on childhood refractive development is not known. This study aims to evaluate dim light exposure in myopia. Methods: We reanalyzed previously published data to investigate differences in dim light exposure across myopic and nonmyopic children from the Role of Outdoor Activity in Myopia (ROAM) study in Queensland, Australia. The amount of time children spent in scotopic (<1-1 lux), mesopic (1-30 lux), indoor photopic (>30-1000 lux), and outdoor photopic (>1000 lux) light over both weekdays and weekends was measured with wearable light sensors. Results: We found significant differences in average daily light exposure between myopic and nonmyopic children. On weekends, myopic children received significantly less scotopic light (P = 0.024) and less outdoor photopic light than nonmyopic children (P < 0.001). In myopic children, more myopic refractive errors were correlated with increased time in mesopic light (R = -0.46, P = 0.002). Conclusions: These findings suggest that in addition to bright light exposure, rod pathways stimulated by dim light exposure could be important to human myopia development. Optimal strategies for preventing myopia with environmental light may include both dim and bright light exposure. |
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School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia |
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0146-0404 |
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PMID:30347074; PMCID:PMC6181186 |
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NC @ ehyde3 @ |
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2097 |
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Grenis, K.; Murphy, S.M. |
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Direct and indirect effects of light pollution on the performance of an herbivorous insect |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Insect Science |
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Insect Sci |
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26 |
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4 |
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770-776 |
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Animals; Plants |
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Light pollution is a global disturbance with resounding impacts on a wide variety of organisms, but our understanding of these impacts is restricted to relatively few higher vertebrate species. We tested the direct effects of light pollution on herbivore performance as well as indirect effects mediated by host plant quality. We found that artificial light from streetlights alters plant toughness. Additionally, we found evidence of both direct and indirect effects of light pollution on the performance of an herbivorous insect, which indicates that streetlights can have cascading impacts on multiple trophic levels. Our novel findings suggest that light pollution can alter plant-insect interactions and thus may have important community-wide consequences. |
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Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA |
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1672-9609 |
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PMID:29425403 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1865 |
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Author |
Lee, S.; Kakitsuba, N.; Katsuura, T. |
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Title |
Do green-blocking glasses enhance the nonvisual effects of white polychromatic light? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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Journal of Physiological Anthropology |
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J Physiol Anthropol |
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37 |
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1 |
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29 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; Vision |
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BACKGROUND: It is well known that light containing the blue component stimulates the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) and plays a role in melatonin suppression and pupillary constriction. In our previous studies, we verified that simultaneous exposure to blue and green light resulted in less pupillary constriction than blue light exposure. Hence, we hypothesized that the nonvisual effects of polychromatic white light might be increased by blocking the green component. Therefore, we conducted an experiment using optical filters that blocked blue or green component and examined the nonvisual effects of these lights on pupillary constriction and electroencephalogram power spectra. METHODS: Ten healthy young males participated in this study. The participant sat on a chair with his eyes facing an integrating sphere. After 10 min of light adaptation, the participant's left eye was exposed to white pulsed light (1000 lx; pulse width 2.5 ms) every 10 s with a blue-blocking glasses, a green-blocking glasses, or control glasses (no lens), and pupillary constriction was measured. Then, after rest for 10 min, the participant was exposed a continuous white light of 1000 lx with a blue- or green-blocking glasses or control glasses and electroencephalogram was measured. RESULTS: Pupillary constriction with the blue-blocking glasses was significantly less than that observed with the green-blocking glasses. Furthermore, pupillary constriction under the green-blocking glasses was significantly greater than that observed with the control glasses. CONCLUSIONS: A reduction in the green component of light facilitated pupillary constriction. Thus, the effects of polychromatic white light containing blue and green components on ipRGCs are apparently increased by removing the green component. |
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Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan |
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1880-6791 |
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PMID:30563575; PMCID:PMC6299521 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2153 |
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Author |
Lee, H. |
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Title |
Do We Use Artificial Light Appropriately? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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Psychiatry Investigation |
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15 |
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12 |
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Commentary; Human Health |
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IDA @ intern @ |
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