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Cai, W.; Yue, J.; Dai, Q.; Hao, L.; Lin, Y.; Shi, W.; Huang, Y.; Wei, M. |
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Title |
The impact of room surface reflectance on corneal illuminance and rule-of-thumb equations for circadian lighting design |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Building and Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Building and Environment |
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Volume |
141 |
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Pages |
288-297 |
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Keywords |
Lighting |
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Abstract |
Recently, corneal illuminance attracts much attention because it is closely related to important functions of indoor lighting. Especially, applying circadian light in the built environment places a challenging requirement on indirect corneal illuminance. In this work, rule-of-thumb equations are proposed to guide circadian lighting design: (i) for artificial lighting, Ecor,avg (i) = (Φ/C1) · ρ/(1−ρ′), where Ecor,avg (i) is the average indirect corneal illuminance at standing or sitting positions, Φ is the initial flux from luminaires, C1 is a constant comparable to the total room surface area, ρ is the reflectance of the surface where the first reflection occurs, and ρ′ is the area-weighted average of surface reflectance; and (ii) for daylighting, Ecor,avg (i) = C2 · WWR · ρ/(1−ρ′), where C2 is a constant, and WWR represents the window-to-wall ratio.
The equations above are validated by comparing against numerical simulation data obtained with the Radiance software. For artificial lighting simulation, various combinations of room surface reflectance, initial light distribution, and WWR are investigated; and for daylighting simulation, different combinations of surface reflectance, WWR, and geographic location are analyzed. The good fits to simulation data indicate that the proposed simple equations can provide reasonably accurate results for quick feedback at the field. It is also demonstrated that room surface reflectance has a dominant impact on indirect corneal illuminance. The approach of improving surface reflectance is more favorable than increasing luminaire flux or expanding window area, and therefore should be the recommended approach to achieve quality and efficient circadian lighting. |
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0360-1323 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1929 |
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Author |
Wu, B.; Wang, Y.; Wu, X.; Liu, D.; Xu, D.; Wang, F. |
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Title |
On-orbit sleep problems of astronauts and countermeasures |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Military Medical Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mil Med Res |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
17 |
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Keywords |
Human Health |
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Sufficient sleep duration and good sleep quality are crucial to ensure normal physical and mental health, cognition and work performance for the common people, as well as astronauts. On-orbit sleep problem is very common among astronauts and has potential detrimental influences on the health of crewmembers and the safety of flight missions. Sleep in space is becoming a new medical research frontier. In this review we summarized on-orbit sleep problems of astronauts and six kinds of causes, and we presented the effects of lack of sleep on performance as well as mental and physical health, then we proposed seven kinds of countermeasures for sleep disturbance in spaceflight, including pharmacologic interventions, light treatment, crew selection and training, Traditional Chinese Medicine and so on. Furthermore, we discussed and oriented the prospect of researches on sleep in space. |
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State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, No. 26 Beiqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, People's Republic of China |
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2054-9369 |
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PMID:29843821; PMCID:PMC5975626 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1930 |
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Rowse, E.G.; Harris, S.; Jones, G. |
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Effects of dimming light-emitting diode street lights on light-opportunistic and light-averse bats in suburban habitats |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Royal Society Open Science |
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R. Soc. open sci. |
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5 |
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6 |
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180205 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Lighting |
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Emerging lighting technologies provide opportunities for reducing carbon footprints, and for biodiversity conservation. In addition to installing light-emitting diode street lights, many local authorities are also dimming street lights. This might benefit light-averse bat species by creating dark refuges for these bats to forage and commute in human-dominated habitats. We conducted a field experiment to determine how light intensity affects the activity of the light-opportunistic Pipistrellus pipistrellus and light-averse bats in the genus Myotis. We used four lighting levels controlled under a central management system at existing street lights in a suburban environment (0, 25, 50 and 100% of the original output). Higher light intensities (50 and 100% of original output) increased the activity of light-opportunistic species but reduced the activity of light-averse bats. Compared to the unlit treatment, the 25% lighting level did not significantly affect either P. pipistrellus or Myotis spp. Our results suggest that it is possible to achieve a light intensity that provides both economic and ecological benefits by providing sufficient light for human requirements while not deterring light-averse bats. |
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2054-5703 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1931 |
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Author |
Massetti, L. |
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Title |
Assessing the impact of street lighting on Platanus x acerifolia phenology |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Urban Forestry & Urban Greening |
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Urban Forestry & Urban Greening |
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34 |
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71-77 |
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Plants |
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Autumn phenology is an important part of the tree growing season that is still poorly understood. In addition to the environmental factors that might affect its timing, there are artificial effects introduced by modern society that could interfere with it, such as the increasing use of artificial light to illuminate urban nights. This study investigates the relationship between outdoor public lighting and leaf senescence of Platanus x acerifolia that constitutes with more than 4000 individuals, and 6% of public greening in Florence, Italy. The difference in autumn phenology under two lighting conditions was assessed by analysing data collected in a real context, using a presence-absence protocol of green leaves on 283 trees during leaf fall season from 2014 to 2017. Trees were classified in two groups of different light exposure. In 2016-2017, data were also collected at Cascine park, the main green area within the city and darker than the monitored sites. According to the analysis, the percentage of trees with green leaves under luminaires was significantly higher than trees far from the luminaires, for all sites from mid-December to the end of January, and this effect was enhanced during 2016-2017 which was characterised by a colder winter. In the same year, the period of absence of green leaves at Cascine started at least 20 days earlier than the other sites. These findings should be taken into consideration by scientists because artificial light could affect autumn phenology and therefore the length of the vegetative season, and by urban greening and light managers during the design and management of public green spaces. Moreover, the presence-absence protocol proved to be suitable for collecting observations because it was easy to perform in a real context. |
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1618-8667 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1932 |
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Aulsebrook, A.E.; Jones, T.M.; Mulder, R.A.; Lesku, J.A. |
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Title |
Impacts of artificial light at night on sleep: A review and prospectus |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology |
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J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol |
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329 |
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8-9 |
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409-418 |
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Animals; Human Activities; Review |
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Natural cycles of light and darkness govern the timing of most aspects of animal behavior and physiology. Artificial light at night (ALAN)-a recent and pervasive form of pollution-can mask natural photoperiodic cues and interfere with biological rhythms. One such rhythm vulnerable to perturbation is the sleep-wake cycle. ALAN may greatly influence sleep in humans and wildlife, particularly in animals that sleep predominantly at night. There has been some recent evidence for impacts of ALAN on sleep, but critical questions remain. Some of these can be addressed by adopting approaches already entrenched in sleep research. In this paper, we review the current evidence for impacts of ALAN on sleep, highlight gaps in our understanding, and suggest opportunities for future research. |
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La Trobe University, School of Life Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
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2471-5638 |
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PMID:29869374 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1933 |
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