| Records |
| Author |
Fotios, S.; Monteiro, A.L.; Uttley, J. |
| Title |
Evaluation of pedestrian reassurance gained by higher illuminances in residential streets using the day–dark approach |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Lighting Research & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lighting Research & Technology |
Volume  |
in press |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Vision; Psychology; Security |
| Abstract |
A field study was conducted to investigate how changes in the illuminance affect pedestrian reassurance when walking after dark in an urban location. The field study was conducted in daytime and after dark in order to employ the day–dark approach to analysis of optimal lighting. The results suggest that minimum illuminance is a better predictor of reassurance than is mean illuminance. For a day–dark difference of 0.5 units on a 6-point response scale, the results suggest a minimum horizontal illuminance of approximately 2.0 lux. |
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| ISSN |
1477-1535 |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2159 |
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| Author |
Bará, S., Ulla, A. |
| Title |
Light Pollution in the Galician Atlantic Islands Maritime-Terrestrial National Park 2018 Report |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
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| Keywords |
Conservation; Spain; Galicia; Europe; national park |
| Abstract |
The Galician Atlantic Islands Maritime-Terrestrial National Park (PNMTIAG), with the exception of the island of Cortegada, still has night skies of acceptable quality. However, the PNMTIAG islands are under strong photic pressures, both internal and external, that hinder the preservation of the basic features of the natural night, and call for an immediate action of all concerned stakeholders |
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| Publisher |
USC Tragsa |
Place of Publication |
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| Language |
Galician |
Summary Language |
Galician |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
2187 |
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| Author |
Hüppop, O.; Ciach, M.; Diehl, R.; Reynolds, D.R.; Stepanian, P.M.; Menz, M.H.M. |
| Title |
Perspectives and challenges for the use of radar in biological conservation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Ecography |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecography |
| Volume |
in press |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Animals; Review |
| Abstract |
Radar is at the forefront for the study of broad‐scale aerial movements of birds, bats and insects and related issues in biological conservation. Radar techniques are especially useful for investigating species which fly at high altitudes, in darkness, or which are too small for applying electronic tags. Here, we present an overview of radar applications in biological conservation and highlight its future possibilities. Depending on the type of radar, information can be gathered on local‐ to continental‐scale movements of airborne organisms and their behaviour. Such data can quantify flyway usage, biomass and nutrient transport (bioflow), population sizes, dynamics and distributions, times and dimensions of movements, areas and times of mass emergence and swarming, habitat use and activity ranges. Radar also captures behavioural responses to anthropogenic disturbances, artificial light and man‐made structures. Weather surveillance and other long‐range radar networks allow spatially broad overviews of important stopover areas, songbird mass roosts and emergences from bat caves. Mobile radars, including repurposed marine radars and commercially dedicated ‘bird radars’, offer the ability to track and monitor the local movements of individuals or groups of flying animals. Harmonic radar techniques have been used for tracking short‐range movements of insects and other small animals of conservation interest. However, a major challenge in aeroecology is determining the taxonomic identity of the targets, which often requires ancillary data obtained from other methods. Radar data have become a global source of information on ecosystem structure, composition, services and function and will play an increasing role in the monitoring and conservation of flying animals and threatened habitats worldwide. |
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| ISSN |
0906-7590 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2204 |
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| Author |
Wallace, H. D. |
| Title |
Electric Lighting Policy in the Federal Government, 1880-2016 |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
History; Policy; Lighting |
| Abstract |
Federal policies have targeted electric lighting since the 1880s with varying success. This dissertation examines the history of those policies to understand policy makers’ intent and how their decisions affected the course of events. This qualitative study poses three research questions: How have changes in lamp efficacy affected policy development? How and why have federal policies targeted electric lighting? How have private sector actors adapted public policy to further their own goals? The analysis uses an interdisciplinary approach taking advantage of overlapping methodologies drawn from policy and political sciences, economics, and the history of technology. The concepts of path dependency, context, and actor networks are especially important. Adoption of electric lighting spurred the construction of complex and capital intensive infrastructures now considered indispensable, and lighting always consumed a significant fraction of US electric power. Engineers and scientists created many lamps over the decades, in part to meet a growing demand for energy efficient products. Invention and diffusion of those lamps occurred amid changing standards and definitions of efficiency, shifting relations between network actors, and the development of path dependencies that constrained efforts to affect change. Federal actors typically used lighting policy to conserve resources, promote national security, or to symbolically emphasize the onset of a national crisis. The study shows that after an initial introductory phase, lighting-specific policies developed during two distinct periods. The earlier period consisted of intermittent, crisis-driven federal interventions of mixed success. The later period featured a sustained engagement between public and private sectors wherein incremental adjustments achieved policy goals. A time of transition occurred between the two main periods during which technical, economic, and political contexts changed, while several core social values remained constant. In both early and later periods, private sector actors used policy opportunities to further commercial goals, a practice that public sector actors in the later period used to promote policy acceptance. Recently enacted energy standards removing ordinary incandescent lamps in favor of high efficiency lamps mark the end of the later period. Apparent success means that policy makers should reconsider how they use lighting to achieve future goals. |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
| Publisher |
University of Maryland |
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| Language |
English |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2210 |
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| Author |
Fotios, S. |
| Title |
Using Category Rating to Evaluate the Lit Environment: Is a Meaningful Opinion Captured? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Leukos |
Abbreviated Journal |
Leukos |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-16 |
| Keywords |
Psychology |
| Abstract |
Do responses gained using category rating accurately reflect respondents’ true evaluations of an item? “True” in this sense means that they have a real opinion about the issue, rather than being compelled by the survey to speculate an opinion, and that the strength of that opinion is faithfully captured. This article describes some common issues that suggest that it should not be simply assumed that a response gained using category rating reflects a true evaluation. That assumption requires an experiment to have been carefully designed and interpreted, and examples are shown where this is not the case. The article offers recommendations for good practice. |
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| ISSN |
1550-2724 |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
2270 |
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