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Arnold, G., Mellinger, D., Markowitz, P., Burke, M., & Lahar, D. (2012). A Win-Win-Win for Municipal Street Lighting: Converting Two-Thirds of Vermont's Street Lights to LED by 2014. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy., .
Abstract: Reducing energy costs and enhancing the nighttime environment with LED street lighting
is by now well understood. However, few municipalities and utilities have successfully taken
advantage of this opportunity to convert their street lighting operations to LEDs. Before a
system-wide conversion of existing street lights can occur, a utility must obtain the large amount
of required capital, identify appropriate LED street light equipment for their applications,
consider changes in utility rate structures, and design effective methods for recovering costs.
Using Vermont as a case study, this paper presents a partnership model among the statewide
energy efficiency utility, the state’s largest electric utilities, and several municipalities. The
model was designed to overcome the challenges to widespread LED street light conversion. By
2014, more than two-thirds of Vermont’s municipal street lights will be upgraded to LED
technology. The conversion will: (1) provide municipalities with better nighttime street lighting
and significant cost savings—at no additional capital expense to the municipalities, (2) deliver
8,000 MWh of cost-effective new savings to the energy efficiency utility, and (3) deliver
financially attractive returns for Vermont’s utilities. This win-win-win model is scalable and
replicable, and is now being considered in Massachusetts and Rhode Island
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Mattfeld, M., Ehlers, F., & Reichenback, M. (2012). Optimising the Lighting Equipment on the Mittelplate Drilling and Production Island in the German Wadden Sea Tidelands. Oil Gas European Magazine, 38, 90–94.
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Pantoni, R., Fonseca, C., & Branḍo, D. (2012). Street Lighting System Based on Wireless Sensor Networks. Chapter 16 in Energy Efficiency РThe Innovative Ways for Smart Energy, the Future Towards Modern Utilities, M Eissa ed., .
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Snyder, J. D., Bullough, J. D., & Radetsky, L. C. (2013). Innovative Roadway Light Source and Dye Combinations to Improve Visibility and Reduce Environmental Impacts. National Technical Information Service report, .
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Zhou, H., Hawkins, H. G., & Miles, J. D. (2013). Guidelines for Freeway Lighting Curfews. Technical Report No. FHWA/TX-13/0-6645-1, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, , á-72.
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