Garstang, R. H. (1986). Model for Artificial Night-Sky Illumination. Publ Astron Soc Pac, 98(601), 364–375.
Abstract: A model has been constructed to allow calculation of the night-sky brightness caused by a city at its center and outside the city, and at arbitrary zenith distances. A circular city of uniform brightness is assumed, with the total brightness proportional to the population. Molecular scattering and aerosol scattering are included, with the amount of aerosols being an adjustable parameter, and different scale heights being adopted for molecules and aerosols. The reflectivity of the ground and the fraction of light radiated above the horizontal are taken as parameters. Applications are given to several cities, to the general population-distance relations, to brightness-distance relations, and to the city center brightness-population relations
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Aubrecht, C., Elvidge, C. D., Ziskin, D., Longcore, T., & Rich, C. (2008). 'When the lights stay on' – A novel approach to assessing human impact on the environment. Earth. Earthzine, .
Abstract: A consequence of the explosive expansion of human civilization has been the global loss of biodiversity and changes to life-sustaining geophysical processes of Earth. The footprint of human occupation is uniquely visible from space in the form of artificial night lighting – ranging from the burning of the rainforest to massive offshore fisheries to omnipresent lights of cities, towns, and villages. This article describes a novel approach to assessing global human impact using satellite observed nighttime lights. The results provide reef managers and governments a first-pass screening tool for reef conservation projects. Sites requiring restoration and precautionary actions can be identified and assessed further in more focused investigations. We hope to create a mental picture for others to see and encourage participation in maintaining and restoring the natural world.
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Eisenbeis, G., & Hassel, F. (2000). Zur Anziehung nachtaktiver Insekten durch Straßenlaternen-eine Studie kommunaler Beleuchtungseinrichtungen in der Agrarlandschaft Rheinhessens. Natur Und Landschaft, 4, 145–156.
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Brüning, A., & Hölker, F. (2013). Lichtverschmutzung und die Folgen für Fische. In: Held, M., Hölker, F. & Jessel, B (2013) Schutz der Nacht – Lichtverschmutzung, Biodiversität und Nachtlandschaft. – BfN-Skripten, 336, 69–72.
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Höttinger, H., & Graf, W. (2003). Zur Anlockwirkung Öffentlicher Beleuchtungseinrichtungen auf nachtaktive Insekten Hinweise für Freilandversuche im Wiener Stadtgebiet zur Minimierung negativer Auswirkungen. Studie im Auftrag der MA 22 (Umweltschutz), , 22:37.
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